My name is Carmen Domínguez Alcón. I am a PhD in Sociology, Nurse
and Emeritus Professor of the University of Barcelona
where I have taught and researched for years, courses in Social Policy
and about the topics women, gender, family, age people, and professions Now I follow doing research and publish on these topics
Focusing attention on care, needs, well-being, quality of life, and inequalities
Now I follow doing research and publish on these topics
I have prepared this presentation for the First Annual Conference on "Care Ethics and Precarity"
that CERC (Care Ethics Research Consortium) calls in Portland on September, 2108.
I sincerely thank the organization for allowing me to share a few minutes with you
through this video that summarizes the progress of the results of an ongoing research
I apologize for could not personally make my presentation and I thank you for your interest
The study refers to the sociological analysis of care
and care policies in the electoral programs of the last elections in Catalonia (Spain) on December 21, 2107
It is an analytical approach to know the priorities and proposals
that generate the concrete policies on the needs of care, health and welfare of the population
It seeks to identify, in the programs of seven influential political parties
the presence of care and essential factors, that show how different actors consider care
and assume responsibility for it
and the forms of participation that are identified
Exploring this environment enables reflection on responsibilities and responses of the actors involved in care
I present an advance of the results of the Project
which considers the care in the political agenda in electoral programs
along with some reflections from the nursing perspective
about how to increase the presence and visibility of care in the political agenda.
The project foresees the inclusion of the political visión in addition to the professional one
but the field work planned on that part could not be completed
due to the development of extraordinary events in Catalonia
delay in the election of the president, formation of the government and members in exile and preventive prison
In my presentation I am now going to focus on the following points:
Talk about the characteristics and current situation of the welfare state and health in Spain
requires more time than I have today, so it seems practical to note a link
where it is possible to access information that guides on the subject
Opinions are controversial
there are disparities between autonomous communities
and even within the same territory in each region
I will not go into it now,
but it may be interesting to have the possibility to know more about the subject
Population in Spain 46,659,302 (49% H and 51% M) Constitutional monarchy with 17 Comunidades
Catalonia 7,534,813 (49% H and 51% M) is one of these
Summarizing aspects of well-being in Spain is complex
the recent OECD report offers useful data in this regard: ¿Como va la vida en España?
Some comparative data on the Autonomous Regions illustrate the existing characteristics and diversity:
Facetas del bienestar, aproximación a la calidad de vida en España y sus Comunidades Autónomas 2006-2015
The synthesis on the Catalan health system (SCS)
will help to better understand care in the context of the case studied,
Catalonia with transferred health competencies
Sistema sanitario catalán
My interest in deepening the issue of care in the political agenda begins during an research on the "evolution of care"
conversations with colleagues about aspects related to visibility / invisibility of care and responsibility in it from different actors.
Influenced by works of the political scientist Joan Tronto, on care in democratic societies, and the ethics of care.
My participation in the Carework Summit, in June of 2017, at UMASS Lowell
enriched the initial perspective and encouraged me to continue deepening the subject.
Having the electoral programs of the parties for the elections to the Parliament
facilitated deepening the programs of seven parties, with different and influential trends in the political and social scene
The Parliament of Catalonia, is made up of 135 deputies
and the elections of December 21, 2107 show the support of votes and seats won by the parties included in the study
They are the following:
In the study, attention is paid to the following factors:
The term is explicitly named and recognized in the measures and initiatives of the program.
Visualization of the concept, manifestation of the multiple dimensions of care in the proposed measures
To whom the action / intervention is directed related the needs and demands of care in different groups and situations during the course of the life cycle
How are they considered and taken into account
About responsibility in care how it is taken into account
and how it becomes evident in the intervention of the different actors that intervene
Forms of participation of the different actors involved in the care
in the proposal, discussion, planning implementation, and evaluation of initiatives and measures
It is assumed that the measures and initiatives related to the care included in the programs
are aimed at "placing the responsibilities of care on the agenda of democratic policies"
in order to respond to the care needs of the all population, in different contexts and situations
To do so, it seems evident and essential to recognize care and care policies .
by explicitly "naming" the terms that refer to it.
The presence, visualization, listening of the words allows to identify the notions
and the actions as a response to needs, demands for care, and the construction of new proposals
Visualizing the manifestations of care in the proposed measures is essential
in order to advance in justice, equality, diversity and non-discrimination
Taking into account that the needs and demands of care are different
in groups and situations, during the course of the life cycle
It is about making the priority of care clear in the political agenda
To do this through examples, I pay atention at the presence of the term "care" in the programs
I try to relate this aspect whith the role and responsibility of the nursing profession
in identifying and unambiguously naming the care and other key notions related to that concept in the political measures
It is essential to keep in mind that concepts play a key role in the theoretical and empirical aspect
Naming and developing terminology is crucial because it invokes history and the use of the concept
It also influences the way in which the concept is received or modified.
The examples show in which, the electoral programs of the seven considered parties, focus when they deal with the care in their proposals
As they name the concepts and how they appear in the content of the measures illustrates how the presence of care is in them
And it offers elements for reflection from the perspective of the ethics of care, which is adopted in the study.
This is manifested and made patent by recognized authors on the subject. For example:
The term care is present in different ways in the electoral programs
I have summarized some features of its presence,
in order to show the reality of an approach in which Fisher's and Tronto's definition of care takes on its full meaning
The expressions by which reference to care is made in the electoral programs considered, show that in some cases it is explicitly named
with an open and transformative approach, in a transversal way.
While in other programs is mentioned in a timely manner, linked to situations and groups.
Even without naming care, the idea and carrying out of care activities may be implicit.
Highlights the variety of situations with which care is related to the electoral programs
When the term care is present, it is mentioned connected to different topics
taking into account multiple dimensions, situations, relationships and áreas
Different contexts and environments are considered, community, organizations, work, education, cities, rural life, natural environment.
The program refers to the "care of new models of attention to early childhood"
The term care is mentioned explicitly linked to "ensuring a better balance between rights and duties of citizens in the care of their health"
And related to the "fight against female precarization and poverty through flexible working hours
Each program usually emphasizes some topics, from a general perspective, or including details of action in specific áreas
prioritizing some interventions and / or specific groups
family, childhood, young people, women, gender and equality, older, dependent, disabled people, or other groups.
It is not usual the idea of care to be present transversally in the program
In some Programs it occurs, while in others reference to care is mader only in some measures
Or attention is given to conditions that facilitate the development of dimensions of care in the proposals.
The notion of care can be explicit or implicit,
the essential thing is that must allows to deal broadly with aspects that stimulate and increase not only the presence of care
the implementation, the evaluation of the best possible care in the political agenda and the proposal of innovative initiatives.
It is essential that the presence and focus of the care allow to increase not only the visualization
but the formulation of proposals for intervention and innovative and effective participation
in the construction of the best approach to care possible
And that the presence explicit of the term care contribute to facilitate and encourage the development of content about it.
To finish I notice some evidences from the nurse perspective related to the professional vision and role of that group about care in the political agenda
I include some considerations about political activism in the nursing profession
and some final thoughts, related the ways to increase the presence of care in the political agenda
The research of which I am presenting an advance of results
is interested in the knowledge that nurses have about the programs of the political parties
the presence of care in them, the aspects or themes that stand out.
The summary of the arguments that they manifest are the following:
Limited knowledge on the part of nurses of planning documents, strategies, reports, electoral programs, or reform proposals
Scarce received training, regarding the essential role to be played by the nursing profession in health care and care policies
In the answers there are several aspects that imply valuable elements to consider,
in terms of the strategies to be put into practice:
Scarce nurse involvement in politics and policies.
It is not visualized, that nurses can generate evidence to influence health care and care policies.
presence of nurses in positions of leadership, and decision, and in the health system.
Growing awareness but weak expression, of nursing of the need for greater involvement and presence in decision making and proposals
initiatives from the nursing profession, related to actions to strengthen, and influence health care and care policies
dissemination and systematization of valuable initiatives to increase the presence of care in the political agenda
Taking into account the arguments that are expressed
it is useful to remember the stages that have been identified in relation to the political activism of the nursing profession
Taking this approach into account, helps to better understand the situation and reflect on the development of relevant strategies.
A greater awareness of the professional towards problems and concerns
Personal interest is the focus of that stage. In it, the nurse passes from consciousness to activism
A new sense of identity also emerges, as a form of response to the nursing coalitions and the construction of the political base.
In final stage, nurses lead actions through the initiation of health policy ideas that can benefit a broader public.
I finish already, to increase the presence of care in the political agenda from the nurse perspective and responsibility
it is convenient to raise and strengthen initiatives in different areas that point to a change in orientation
put emphasis on what is necessary to promote and sustain good care for all people in different situations in which they need it
Improving the presence of care in the political agenda is related to different initiatives in several areas. Among them:
The aim is to consolidate the presence and involvement of nurses in development, planning and decision-making positions in health care and care policies
the action of situating the demands of nursing care of the population, in concrete proposals in the political agenda is part of the professional responsibility.
Be part of councils / committees with professionals in environments of elaboration, planning and decision on health care and care policies.
Expand and improve training in health policies, care, and ways to deal with inequalities, at different levels of nursing education.
Show the essential role of nurses in the well-being, quality of life and eradication of inequalities in the population.
Getting institutions and organizations to provide time, resources, opportunities, and accompaniment in nursing participation proposals in health and care policies.
Try to influence each and every one of the levels that affect the relationship of the presence of care in the political agenda
and derive positive actions with impact on health and care policies.
The written text of the presentation is at your disposal, if anybody wish to contact me directly it will be a pleasure to answer
Many thanks for your attention
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