Thứ Tư, 5 tháng 4, 2017

Waching daily Apr 5 2017

Tell me about biomolecules. Well--

amino acids. So what are amino

acids? They're proteins. Uh-huh...

This is Se this is Leu and this is, um, Amina!

Oh, okay. So there are different amino

acids? Uh huh. Yeah? And, um, carbohydrate

well, monosaccharides! So, a carbohydrate is

made of monosaccharides? Uh-huh. Is that your picture

of a carbohydrate? Uh-huh. That's pretty good.

Look at that; That's a really good

carbohydrate. And nucleic acids.

DNA and RNA! Which one are you drawing now?

RNA! That's cool.

So, can you draw DNA?

Did you turn the RNA into DNA? Yep.

And what's the difference?

One strand. So which one is one stranded?

RNA! Which one has two strands? DNA!

So what does RNA do? Make proteins!

Make proteins? How does it make proteins?

Ribay- ribay-somay somay... (she means ribosomes)

So, RNA has something to do with the ribosomes? Uh-huh.

Yeah, well that's cool. When it gets tired,

it just gets its cup of water

Oh, it gets a cup of water? Lemonade, actually.

Oh, lemonade. That sounds pretty yummy. To keep it cool.

Tell me about-- Tell me about how glucose is made.

Plants! Plants make glucose?

Yeah. Yeah?

How do they do that? It's pretty amazing.

Well: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and light.

Uh-huh? Here is glucose.

What is it called when the plants make glucose?

Sugar! Yeah, glucose is sugar.

They call it mono

--What? Maybe photosynthesis?

Oh! Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is pretty great.

Here is glucose. Mm-hmm.

And what happens to glucose?

It gets breaked!

It gets broken? How does it get broken?

Oh no! Cellular respiration.

It gets broken through cellular respiration?

Well, I guess that's okay isn't it? Yeah.

Yeah? Here is more glucose.

Why would you want to break glucose with cellular respiration?

To make more.

To make more what? Glucose.

You wanna make more glucose. Oooh...

Here's some glucose, but it's broken now.

Can you make glucose?

No! And why not?

'Cause I'm a human!

Oh, humans can't make glucose? Nope.

So, who can make glucose?

Plants! Right.

Do you love biology? Uh-huh.

It's pretty fun, huh?

So, this glucose broken up.

Where does cellular respiration happen?

In me and plants! Uh-huh, is there a special

organelle where it happens?

Plant cells?

Well, it does happen in plant cells and in animal cells

Do you remember mitochondria? Yeah.

Go, go mighty mitochondria!

That's right.

And do you remember what mitochondria do?

Umm, they make ATP!

That's right! Good remembering.

Thank you for sharing this with me.

For more infomation >> Bu talks about biomolecules - Duration: 5:44.

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SECRET SPACE PROGRAM WHISTLEBLOWER 'TRUMP IS BACKED BY BENEVOLENT ETS ON EARTH' - Duration: 1:30.

SECRET SPACE PROGRAM WHISTLEBLOWER 'TRUMP IS BACKED BY BENEVOLENT ETS ON EARTH'

This is Part 1 of Corey�s presentation at Conscious Life Expo, Feb., 2017, �Return

of the Guardians.He speaks of his time in the MILAB & SSP Programs as well as interactions

with Non-Terrestrial and Inner Earth Beings.

Having viewed it I'm astonished.

Unbelievable photos and testimony well worth viewing.

See corey Goodes video.

The link is in the article link below in

our description.

For more infomation >> SECRET SPACE PROGRAM WHISTLEBLOWER 'TRUMP IS BACKED BY BENEVOLENT ETS ON EARTH' - Duration: 1:30.

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JUST IN! President Trump Makes MAJOR Announcement After Meeting Condi Rice In White House Details - Duration: 11:51.

JUST IN!

President Trump Makes MAJOR Announcement After Meeting Condi Rice In White House [Details]

President Trump makes great deals.

He is not hesitant to talk truth to control nor is he reluctant to unsettle a few plumes

to take care of business.

In any case, similar to all ace deal creators, he knows the breaking points and he knows

how to retouch hurt sentiments that can come about because of the warmth of the fight.

Amid the primaries, Condi Rice was not generally a supporter of President Trump.

When he messed up or she let him have it.

The liberals will have you trust the republicans never got out Trump when he committed an error.

That, and Condi Rice is a flawless case, is not valid.

So while it stunned numerous on the left, those aware of everything were not astonished

when Condi Rice went to the White House for a brisk meeting with President Trump.

This is a decent move Rice is an accomplished outside arrangement master with immense White

House understanding.

What could be important is she is one of the premier specialists on Russia on the planet.

With Russia re-developing as a potential player on the world stage, it is astute to look for

direction with unfaltering leaders like Rice.

Trump said after the meeting,

"Great meeting with a wonderful woman today, former Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice!

#USA, "Trump tweeted while posting a photo of the smiling duo."

No word on the off chance that he wants to offer her another part of his organization.

It would irritate liberals yet would be useful for America.

It could have been a social visit.

No doubt, as Trump is well known for getting feelings of the considerable number of specialists

before he settles on a choice, they had a candid technique talk.

What do you think about this?

Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comments section below.

SHARE the truth, be patriots!

Thank you for reading.

JUST IN!

Top Clinton Aide Summoned By Congress Turns Up Dead [Read More]

Days in the wake of being summoned to show up before Trey Gowdy's congressional committee

to testify about Hillary Clinton's email server, one of her helpers was discovered

dead at home of "natural causes."

Johnston Wilson McGill, 34, was pronounced dead on his sofa by a private specialist subsequent

to affliction a clear heart attack.

A representative for Clinton's previous battle said that Huma Abedin, Clinton's

appointee campaign organizer, discovered McGill when she stopped by for coffee to talk about

Clinton's arrangements for a keep running for Mayor of New York.

Abedin told police in an announcement that McGill experienced an anomalous heart arrhythmia

and that his specialist had dependably said a sudden and huge cardiovascular occasion

was a plausibility.

She likewise revealed to her marketing expert to ensure that the entire world realized that

he was wanting to collaborate with the congressional board.

Trey Gowdy's office had no official proclamation however his top assistant, Mandy Gonsales,

said that the board of trustees isn't content with the conditions of McGill's passing

or the way that his own specialist was summoned to pronounce.

Abedin says she called the private doctor since she trusted he could spare her companion.

There will be no autopsy on the body, which will be incinerated before nightfall as per

his religion.

McGill is the single child of perished guardians and has no family.

No services are arranged.

Does the subject of appear a tad bit odd to any other person?

It feels odd like we've witnessed things like this before to individuals who could

implicate Hillary Clinton.

Tragically, as the doctor who pronounced has a faultless record and is an approved coroner

in new York, the discoveries will be acknowledged and gone on the open record.

What do you think about this?

Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comments section below.

SHARE the truth, be patriots!

Thank you for reading.

SHOCKING SCANDAL!

Secret Agency Was Helping Obama With His Criminal Activities, More Dangerous Than The NSA [Details]

The National Geospatial-Intelligence agency (NGA) apparently spies much more on Americans

than the NSA.

By means of The Anti-Media:

In case you're one of numerous Americans who was bothered when learning of the disclosures

made by ex-National Security Agency (NSA) temporary worker Edward Snowden, the straightforward

thought that there could be yet one more organization around – perhaps similarly as solid and

significantly more meddling – should give you goosebumps.

Outside Policy educates that the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, or NGA, is

a subtle spy organization ex – President Barack Obama experienced serious difficulties

it in 2009.

In any case, as the president developed to like utilizing automaton fighting, picking

an approach to begin wars without consulting the Congress for the best possible endorsement,

the NGA additionally turned out to be more critical.

Presently, President Donald Trump is anticipated to additionally research the multibillion-dollar

reconnaissance organize.

Like the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA), the

NGA is additionally a knowledge office, in any case, it's likewise utilized as a battle

support establishment that works under the U.S. Branch of Defense (DOD).

With greater base camp than the CIA's, the development cost $1.4 billion to be settled

in 2011.

In 2016, the NGA purchased an additional 99 sections of land in St. Louis, constructing

extra structures that cost citizens an additional $1.75 billion.

Enjoying the additional financial plan Obama gave them, the NGA developed to be a standout

amongst the most mystery insight organizations particularly since it depends on automaton

action.

As an administrative body which has only one undertaking – to break down pictures and

recordings shot by automatons in the Middle East – the NGA is truly intense.

So why would that be the first occasion when we catch wind of its reality?

The Shadow Agency That Sees It All

Prior to Trump's initiation, the NGA just centered around the Middle East or whatever

spy satellites encompassing the globe caught.

As much as the majority of us knew, the office abstained from coordinating its ultra-high-determination

cameras toward the United States.

That by itself might be the reason the NGA has possessed the capacity to remain out of

disputable stories generally.

What do you think about this?

Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comments section below.

SHARE the truth, be patriots!

Thank you for reading.

WHOA!

Trey Gowdy Just Did The Impossible In D.C.

-You'll Cheer [Details]

Trey Gowdy is 100% devoted to his central goal to dispose of the rottenness and defilement

in Washington D.C.

What's more, what's the best initial step if not closing down Obama's approaches that

harmed the American individuals for so long?

Amid the eight repulsive years of his administration, Obama planted racial division, drove the economy

into the jettison, let our military go into deterioration, and permitted the passageway

of thousands of illicit vagrants who are killing and assaulting individuals right up 'til

the present time.

Presently, Trey Gowdy is doing all that is in his energy to put a conclusion to the Obama

administration's radical and mistaken arrangements that are still in actuality.

So as to complete that, the House Judiciary Committee just passed a bill to wipe out an

Obama "slush finance" approach, reports Democrat Busters.

The bill was called H.R. 732.

Trey co-supported the bill and even worked extra time to get it through the House.

This is a noteworthy triumph for the American individuals and clear verification that America

is back destined for success!

Trey Gowdy simply did his part in helping Donald Trump drain the swamp, turning around

Obama's fizzled strategies and destroying his legacy unequivocally.

Passing this bill implies that Congress is reclaiming its sacred forces lost throughout

the most recent eight years.

Trey said of the notable day,

"THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE'S PASSAGE OF A BILL TO STOP AN OBAMA-ERA SLUSH FUND

POLICY IS NOTHING LESS THAN CONGRESS TAKING BACK ITS CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS LOST OVER THE

LAST EIGHT YEARS" ….

"THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH SHOULD NEVER BE ALLOWED TO CIRCUMVENT CONGRESS TO REWARD GROUPS SIMPLY

BECAUSE THEY SHARE AN AGENDA WITH THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION."

….

"THERE IS A REASON THE CONSTITUTION SPECIFICALLY GRANTS CONGRESS THE POWER TO APPROPRIATE."

Many individuals didn't realize that Obama was utilizing the slush stores Trey close

down to arrange challenges Trump and run competitors in nearby races.

Trey simply hit liberals where it harms them the most.

What do you think about this?

Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comments section below.

SHARE the truth, be patriots!

Thank you for reading.

BLAST!

Trey Gowdy Just Completely Backed James Comey Into A Corner [Details]

Trey Gowdy walloped James Comey in a serious meeting over leaks leaving the White House.

He got some information about the hole of previous National Security Advisor Michael

Flynn.

Gowdy got some information about correspondents sharing this classified material.

Gowdy said, "The felonious dissemination of classified material most definitely is

a crime."

Gowdy asked, "You're not aware of an exception in the current dissemination of classified

information statute that carves out an exception for reporters?"

Comey responded, "I do not think a reporter's been prosecuted, certainly in my lifetime,

no."

"Well, there have been a lot of statutes at bar in this investigation for which no

one's ever been prosecuted or convicted, and that does not keep people from discussing

those statutes, namely, the Logan Act.

In theory, how would reporters know a U.S. citizen made a telephone call to an agent

of a foreign power?

"

Trey continued, "The name of a US citizen that was supposed to statutorily be protected

is no longer protected … we're a month and a half or two months into something that

you and I agree is incredibly important and also happens to be a felony . So, I'm just

simply asking you to assure the American people.

You've already assured them you take it really seriously.

Can you assure them that it is going to be investigated?

"

Comey responded, "I can not, but I hope people watching know how seriously we take

leaks of classified information, but I do not want to confirm it by saying we're investigating

it, and I'm sorry I have to draw that line.

"

Pretty shocking right?

Watch the video here <——-

What do you think about this?

Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comments section below.

SHARE the truth, be patriots!

Thank you for reading.

H/T Conservative 101

For more infomation >> JUST IN! President Trump Makes MAJOR Announcement After Meeting Condi Rice In White House Details - Duration: 11:51.

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China stays firm, but other countries may back India's NSG bid - Duration: 3:47.

Welcome to WARN, Todays News is.

China stays firm, but other countries may back India�s NSG bid

Highlights *A consultative group meeting of the NSG is

currently on, where India�s membership is being discussed

*Germany supports the proceedings of the NSG consultative committee

*The US has also reiterated its support for India�s membership

Some countries who had been opposed to India's membership bid to the Nuclear Suppliers Group

(NSG) may be coming around to being more accepting of India's candidature.

"There is a greater buy-in from these countries", said senior German diplomatic sources.

A consultative group meeting of the NSG is currently on, where India's membership is

being discussed.

Needless to add, China is not among these countries.

The evolution in positions has been a result of continued backroom diplomacy said sources

familiar with developments.

The US, last week, reiterated its support for India's membership, but with China remaining

the most powerful outlier, India's chances are no brighter today than earlier.

Markus Ederer, Germany's foreign secretary, met his counterpart S Jaishankar to take forward

the key elements of the relationship as both countries prepare for a key inter-governmental

commission meeting in Berlin in May.

PM Narendra Modi will be traveling to Germany twice this year - once in May and then again

for the G-20 summit in Hamburg in July.

Interestingly, Germany is, for the first time, directing significant foreign policy interest

in the Indian Ocean, working with India on it.

Jaishankar will address top German diplomats at their internal meeting in Sri Lanka this

week.

While Germany does not have much of territorial interest, they are coming round to the conclusion

that the Indian Ocean needs greater attention in geo-political and geo-economic terms.

They believe a global competition is shaping up over the Indian Ocean, and as a major trading

power, Germany has an interest in ensuring the Indian Ocean remains a rules-based and

stable area.

Just as India is working on its own plans for the littoral states, Germany too is developing

a "maritime agenda" for the rim states, German sources said.

India and Germany are focusing on sectors that are closely aligned with the Modi government's

priorities - renewable energy, smart cities+ , connectivity, clean Ganga, dual education,

railways etc. "India is one of our most important strategic partners globally", said German

diplomats.

But as China and the US+ veer towards very different directions, Berlin and New Delhi

are coming to the conclusion that closer cooperation might be more necessary than ever.

Both countries have their own spheres of influence and "at a time when the global free trade

system is under pressure and the US is retrenching, we both feel we have to take greater responsibility

for our regions."

For more infomation >> China stays firm, but other countries may back India's NSG bid - Duration: 3:47.

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The Secret of Theatre - Duration: 2:08.

Tar Liom

Tar Liom

Go Gaillimh

All of the hours,

all of the days that have brought me down every winding street

and ancient alley to this place of light,

of spirit,

of raging winds

and flurried skies.

This place of wilderness on water,

A world of music

and dancers,

scholars and Leaders,

and hope tempting your soul.

This theatre of stone and cobbled streets

where every life is a performance.

It's a performance of youth

and love

and wisdom

and tears.

It's something different,

something wild and ready

and natural and oh so wonderful.

This is the place we stay young forever,

Come to the heart of this living, ever changing performance.

Breath in it's salty Atlantic air

and bask in the brevity of its being.

Tingle as you reach out to touch new worlds

and see new futures in their youth.

Immerse yourself in the performance

as it is swells from the depths of our souls,

rising from the unseen like a storm!

And let your own soul rise too

as you live what is seen with hunger and enlightenment...

and breathe!

Embrace our best because it is the best there is.

Live again…

be inspired!

This is theatre!

This is Galway theatre festival

Tar chuig an mbaile s'againne

Tá áit ann duit.

For more infomation >> The Secret of Theatre - Duration: 2:08.

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What is Amplified Sound? - Duration: 0:38.

>> Hi. James here to tell you a little bit

about amplified sound.

Now, what is amplified sound and when can you use it?

Great questions.

Amplified sound is any sound

that is made louder by a speaker system.

Amplified sound can be used during the college hour which is

when there are no scheduled classes on Tuesdays

and Thursdays from 12 to 12:55 p.m. If you need any help

from Staging Services, you will need to schedule a tech

at least 30 days in advance.

If you have any further questions, please click

on this link or stop by CC-105.

For more infomation >> What is Amplified Sound? - Duration: 0:38.

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What is an Activity Request Form (ARF)? - Duration: 1:00.

>> What's up?

Here's what you need to know about ARFs.

An official activity request form or ARF is a form

that must be submitted by a student and signed by an advisor

for any event you plan to hold.

The ARF must be completed for every meeting, activity or trip.

The ARF must be submitted at least four weeks in advance

for any on-campus or off-campus event

that costs less than $5000.

Off-campus events costing more

than $5000 require six weeks prior to the event.

In order to be considered for approval,

the ARF must be fully completed.

Please provide as much information

about your event as possible.

The more we know, the more we can help you.

Once your event is approved,

you will receive the pink portion in your club mailbox.

If you have any more questions,

click on this link or drop by CC105.

For more infomation >> What is an Activity Request Form (ARF)? - Duration: 1:00.

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Is Elsa Gay? Disney Movies Conspiracy Theories - Duration: 7:09.

Hi guys

My name is Taylor. Thank you so much for checking out my channel um um um um um

So it's raining outside today. And as it is when it rains what I do with I sit, and I watch movies

Mostly Disney movie, but I do watch other movies, but in this case it was a disney movie

And I was sitting there

And I was all pumped and psyched to ready to watch Frozen and just dawned on me

I was pulling it up on my laptop and while singing Let It Go, and then I was thinking is Elsa gay?

In case you're not familiar with to the

Movie frozen, I don't know where you've been

But I'll explain it to you in about 60 seconds. Two sisters are royal members of their

land of Arendelle. Elsa is the oldest. She is going to be coronated to be queen. And

Anna is like the [Prince] Harry of the situation. When Elsa and Anna were younger also used her magical

ice powers and

hits Anna

in the head giving her a blonde streak hair. Blah blah blah Anna

Elsa is the reprimanded from ever using her powers. And

is sentenced to her room for years and years.

Anna is healed by the little rock people

But she's not going to die after being blasted in the head. Their parents died. Elsa is being coordinated freaks out, loses control

expresses her powers all over the place everybody freaks out wah wah wah wah wah wah when Elsa's at her coronation and freaks out she

Hits Anna's heart. She freaks out runs away on us gone all these village people are like, "oh my gosh,

She's a witch kill her"

so then they run asked so they spend the rest of them will be trying to get Elsa to come back in to undo the

Magical winter thing that she accidentally caused when she freaked out at her coronation party.

I think is Elsa is Disney's way of saying that they're okay with

LGBTQ+ community I say that because Disney has a reputation of being known

For not really accepting many groups of people in the past

mainly just Walt Disney himself.

If you don't understand where I'm going with this just google him. He wasn't really the best man in the world.

We have turned a new leaf and you're looking into the future.

However, I do. I wanted to say that this might be fair way of saying. "Hey" nudge nudge wink wink

"LGBTQ+ community

I got you."

Because after this movie Inside Out comes out about Riley and her

sexual orientation or Gender identity based on the emotion

She has her head, but that's a story for a different video. So, Elsa's gay. Why do I say this?

Okay, Elsa spends the majority of her time literally in a room

That's really small especially for a room that's in a palace. It's a pretty small room.

I would say it's closet like I'm just going to go out and say she spent her life in the closet.

She sings a song, Let It Go.

Which has lines like conceal don't feel don't let them know.

blah blah blah, it does talk about how she's not afraid the consequences anymore.

she just wants to be yourself so she does this while sculpting huge and beautiful palace.

Making life forms, and snow, and stuff and all this great beautiful

Animation and animated pictures and all this other stuff, but the thing is is that she has been suppressed

Trying to suppress her power for her whole life pretty much like she's not been able to

Make anything with her hands and all of a sudden. She can just make this palace on her first

Go that isn't...in what world is that okay?

even in other Disney shows there's usually like a like a

Montage of how bad people are at first at some task and then they turn out to be the best

I mean their whole song in Mulan about it. So like what why not have the false modesty now?

Why just go straight into how a woman can make a sculpture, and like oh, I know I can do it

She left there, so confidently and she left the palace normally if I'm going to be ostracized from like my house

I'd be like where am I gonna go? Am I gonna build my own house?

I'm got to build a house, but I was I was going to do that. She's let me know what I'm gonna make a guard, I make

some friends, I going to make it winter, I'm going to make a house. It just didn't make sense

Clearly her ability was not a problem to her.

so if she can build a house if she can do all of this, then why can't she

Control it. Why can't she conceal her powers unless that's not what she was talking about in that song

Elsa is famously known for being the first "first"

Disney Princess that doesn't have a love interest and find all that nifty

It just so happened that the same persons never had a love interest goes on to sing about

how suppressed she was in her life before hand and she can't express herself because of how

her parents at a very young age saw, how Elsa was developing they saw how she

interacted with her sister and

Kind of freaked out they locked her in a closet

And we should comes out the closet chick panics and runs away

Her fear of being ostracized by her community comes to light now. My thing is is that Elsa's parents are

the King and Queen of their

kingdom. Why would she be ostracized? She's had this power

Clearly she was born.

One, she had to get it from somewhere and two you're the freakin king and queen of the kingdom, but you're first born kid has like a

disability or

Maybe uh not a disability. It's not, she's not disabled. She has a special ability, I would emphasize it

I mean there was that King of Spain

that had a lisp. He changed the way that Spaniard spoke, he said "I have a lip, so now we all have a lip."

zapatos

That just, it doesn't make sense to me unless the power wasn't really something that the parents were ashamed of. I don't know guys

that's my thoughts on that

let me know what you think in the

Comments section below this is this quick video that I wanted to

pop out

I'm

Going to go back to watching the movie now. So until next time, bye guys!

For more infomation >> Is Elsa Gay? Disney Movies Conspiracy Theories - Duration: 7:09.

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Trying to quit smoking? Failure is an option. (:15) - Duration: 0:15.

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[VO]: Because eventually, one of those failures will be your last. [VO/TITLE]: It takes multiple attempts to quit smoking.

[VO/TITLE]: So don't quit trying. [VO/TITLE]: Visit ontario.ca/quitsmoking for tips and support. [TITLE]: Paid for by the Government of Ontario.

For more infomation >> Trying to quit smoking? Failure is an option. (:15) - Duration: 0:15.

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Relics of an Ancient Mini Planet Found Orbiting Mars - Duration: 6:17.

Relics of an Ancient Mini-Planet Found Orbiting Mars

The planet Mars shares its orbit with a handful of small asteroids, the so-called Trojans.

Now an international team of astronomers using the Very Large Telescope in Chile have found

that most of these objects share a common composition; they are likely the remains of

a mini-planet that was destroyed by a collision long ago.

Trojan asteroids move in orbits with the same average distance from the Sun as a planet,

trapped within gravitational "safe havens" 60 degrees in front of and behind the planet.

The special significance of these locations was worked out by 18th century French Mathematician

Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

In his honour, they are now known as "Lagrange points"; the point leading the planet is L4;

that trailing the planet is L5.

About 6000 such Trojans have been found at the orbit of Jupiter and about 10 at Neptune's.

They are believed to date from the solar system's earliest times when the distribution of planets,

asteroids and comets was very different than the one we observe today.

Mars is so far the only terrestrial planet known to have Trojan companions in stable

orbits.

The first Mars Trojan was discovered over 25 years ago at L5 and named "Eureka" in reference

to the famous exclamation by Ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes.

The present tally is nine, a factor of 600 fewer than Jupiter Trojans, but even this

relatively puny sample shows interesting structure not seen elsewhere in the solar system.

Spectra of Eureka family asteroids (385250) 2001 DH47 (red) and (311999) 2007 NS2 (black)

obtained with the X-SHOOTER spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile.

A spectrum of 5261 Eureka is shown in blue.

The three spectra are very similar, indicating a common composition that is also rare among

asteroids.

(Galin Borisov).

For starters, all the Trojans, save one, are trailing Mars at its L5 Lagrange point . What's

more, the orbits of all but one of the 8 L5 Trojans group up around Eureka itself . The

cause for the uneven distribution of these objects has not yet been pinned down, though

there are a couple of possibilities.

In one scenario, a collision broke up a precursor asteroid at the L5 point, the fragments making

up the group we observe today.

Another possibility is that a process called rotational fission caused Eureka to spin up,

eventually spawning off small pieces of itself in heliocentric orbit.

Whatever the cause, the grouping strongly suggests that the asteroids in this "Eureka

family" were once part of a single object or a progenitor body.

Although the circumstantial evidence for this hypothesis is strong, the acid test is to

find out whether the asteroids share a common composition or not.

Fortunately, this can be done at the telescope by measuring the colour of sunlight reflected

off the asteroid's surface, in other words obtaining its spectrum.

For this purpose, an international team of astronomers led by Apostolos Christou and

Galin Borisov at the Armagh Observatory and Planetarium in Northern Ireland, UK, used

the X-SHOOTER spectrograph mounted on "Kueyen", the Unit 2 telescope of the European Southern

Observatory's Very Large Telescope facility in Chile in early 2016 to record the spectra

of two asteroids that belong to the Eureka family, 311999 and 385250.

Analysing the spectra, they found that both objects are "dead ringers" for Eureka (Figure

2), so confirming the genetic relationship between family asteroids.

The finding also marks a significant "first" for asteroid studies; the spectra show that

these asteroids are predominantly composed of olivine, a mineral that typically forms

within much larger objects under conditions of high pressure and temperature.

The implication is that these asteroids are likely relict mantle material from within

mini-planets or "planetesimals" which, like the Earth, developed a crust, mantle and core

through the process of differentiation but have long since been destroyed by collisions.

Christou points out that "Many other families exist in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and

Jupiter, and even among Jupiter's Trojans, but none are made up of such olivine-dominated

asteroids".

This is related to the so-called missing-mantle problem: that is, if one adds up the mass

of different minerals in the asteroid belt and particularly those thought to be pieces

of broken up, differentiated asteroids, there is a deficit of mantle material compared to

rocky crust and metallic core material.

Although the discovery of this olivine-dominated family does not provide a final solution to

the missing mantle problem, it does show that mantle material was present near Mars early

in the solar system's history.

As Christou explains: "Our findings suggest that such material has participated in the

formation of Mars and perhaps its planetary neighbour, our own Earth."

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