YouTube's Ad Boycott Could Quickly Become Google's Biggest Headache.
As many as 250 companies have indefinitely suspended their ad campaigns.
By Michael Liedtke Associated Press.
YouTube's inability to keep big-brand ads off unsavory videos is threatening to transform
a rising star in Google's digital family into a problem child.
It's not yet clear whether a recent ad boycott of YouTube will be short-lived or the start
of a long-term shift away from the video service -- one that could undercut Google's growth
and that of its corporate parent,Alphabet Inc.
Alphabet's first-quarter results, released Thursday, provided few clues.
Major advertisers didn't start pulling their money from YouTube until the three-month period
was nearly over.
The company's earnings rose 29 percent to $5.4 billion while revenue climbed 22 percent
to $24.8 billion.
Shares surged nearly 5 percent, to $933, in Thursday's extended trading.
CLOUD OVER YOUTUBE But the fallout from the YouTube boycott is
likely to be felt through the rest of this year.
Skittish advertisers have curtailed their spending until they are convinced Google can
prevent their brands from appearing next to extremist clips promoting hate and violence.
"There is no entity in the world that is more risk averse than a senior marketing person,"
says Larry Chiagouris, a marketing professor at Pace University in New York.
"They don't want to go with a media choice that presents problems for a brand, and they
don't have to because they have many other choices."
Google CEO Sundar Pichai told analysts during a Thursday review of the first quarter that
the company has had "thousands and thousands" of conversations with advertisers as YouTube
takes steps to protect their brands.
"We are evolving overall to a better place," Pichai said.
At another point, he assured analysts that YouTube is still experiencing "extraordinary"
growth without providing specifics.
Even if YouTube continues to lose advertisers, it won't leave a huge dent in Alphabet's earnings.
That's because marketers are expected to keep feeding the company's golden goose -- Google's
dominant search engine.
Ads appearing alongside the billions of search results Google churns out each day still generate
most of Alphabet's revenue even as it expands into other fields.
But ad spending has been accelerating at a rapid pace on YouTube over the past two years
as brands sought to connect with its audience of more than 1 billion people.
Now it looks like things might taper off.
TAKING THE GLOSS OFF Before the boycott began, YouTube's ad revenue
after subtracting commissions was expected to rise 26 percent this year to $7 billion,
based on estimates from the research firm eMarketer.
Alphabet doesn't disclose YouTube's finances.
Advertisers began to flee YouTube last month, after The Times in London and other media
outlets turned up evidence that their brands were appearing alongside clips promoting terrorism
and racism.
The findings alerted advertisers that YouTube didn't have adequate technology or staffing
to shield brands from some of the appalling material that gets posted on a site that receives
400 hours of video per minute.
"This is an ostrich situation where the ostrich just pulled its head out of the sand," says
Harry Kargman, CEO of Kargo, which helps manage ad campaigns on mobile devices.
FLIGHT OF THE BRANDS At one point, about 250 advertisers were boycotting
YouTube.
(Some also stepped back from a related system that Google operates to place commercials
next to videos on outside websites.)
The list included big-spending marketers such as PepsiCo, Wal-Mart Stores, Starbucks, AT&T,
Verizon, Johnson & Johnson, and Volkswagen.
It's unclear how many, if any, of those have returned to YouTube since Google promised
to hire more human reviewers and upgrade its technology to keep ads away from repugnant
videos.
Both Verizon and AT&T, two companies that are trying to expand their own digital ad
networks to compete with Google, told The Associated Press that they are still boycotting
YouTube.
FX Networks confirmed that it isn't advertising on YouTube either.
Several other boycotting marketers contacted by AP didn't respond.
TEMPORARY HIT OR PERMANENT SCAR?
Even if advertisers return, Kargman predicted they are unlikely to spend as much as they
once did.
"It's going to be a slow burn as brands quietly shift their spending away," he said.
"There are now questions about the quality of video on YouTube in the long term."
Investors, however, apparently aren't too worried so far.
YouTube's financial contributions remain a fairly small part of a company expected to
generate $87 billion in revenue this year, after subtracting ad commissions.
RBC Capital Markets analyst Mark Mahaney estimates the reduced spending on YouTube and Google's
ad network for video on third-party sites could reduce Alphabet's net revenue by $300
million, to $1.5 billion, this year.
Some of that spending could shift to Facebook, Mahaney said, although the social network
is facing its own challenges trying to block live videos of violence that appall viewers
and advertisers alike.
It is safe to say our content is considered advertiser friendly.
As you can see we still have a financial situation and we're still in need of your generous donations.
We extremely greatful for the out pouring of donations we received so far.
Thank you so much.
If you'd like to make a donation click the link below in our description at, the event
is coming soon dot com slash donation.
For more infomation >> YouTube's Ad Boycott Could Quickly Become Google's Biggest Headache - Duration: 6:57.-------------------------------------------
Bharwa Bhindi recipe/stuffed okra/besan wali bhind - Duration: 5:47.
For more infomation >> Bharwa Bhindi recipe/stuffed okra/besan wali bhind - Duration: 5:47. -------------------------------------------
David Frankel: 'The Devil Wears Prada' Is One Of Meryl Streep's Best Movies | TMZ TV - Duration: 1:26.
DAVID FRANKEL, BIG DIRECTOR.
HE DIRECTED "MOLLY AND
ME," "COLLATERAL" AND "DEVIL
WEARS PRADA."
SO I TALKED TO HIM ABOUT MERYL
STREEP.
WHEN ALL IS SAID AND DONE, WHERE
WILL "DEVIL WEARS PRADA" STACK
UP IN MERYL'S PERFORMANCES?
I WOULD LIKE TO THINK IF SHE
WERE THE PATRIOTS, "DEVIL WEARS
PRADA" WOULD BE ONE OF HER SUPER
BOWL RINGS.
WITHOUT QUESTION.
TOP FIVE, TOP FIVE.
HARVEY: OH, NO, COME ON, WHAT
ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?
"KRAMER VERSUS KRAMER"?
"SILKWOOD," "DEER HUNTER."
SOOSE "SOPHIE'S CHOICE."
BY POPULARITY, "DEVIL WEARS
PRADA" AND "MAMMA MIA" ARE WAY
BIGGER THAN A TOWN IN AFRICA.
WHAT IS IT ABOUT?
A DANISH WOMAN TRAVELING TO
AFRICA WITH HER FAMILY MEETS
ROBERT REDFORD AND THEY FALL
BADLY IN LOVE BUT HE EVENTUALLY
DIES IN AND AIRPLANE CRASH AND
SHE MOVES BACK TO DENMARK AND
DIES.
APPARENTLY, JASON WAS A KEY
GRIP ON "OUT OF AFRICA."
HOLY COW, JASON.
[LAUGHTER]
THANK YOU SO MUCH, SIR.
I APPRECIATE YOUR TIME.
-------------------------------------------
When to Use "Would" - Duration: 5:46.
hello everyone how are you today this is
Marc I'm doing just great thanks for
asking if I were you I would study
English harder would you like milk with
your coffee he would jog only during the
weekends when he was young I would like
to visit Tibet one day she would get
to the airport
some time they wouldn't go to school
after the shooting Even my little nephew
would understand this in this lesson as
you can see we're going to look at "would"
so stay tuned I've decided to talk about
the modal verb "would" pronounced like the
material wood and is the past of will as
you can imagine we use it for the
second and the third conditionals and let
me remind you that if you want to watch
a lesson on the conditionals you make
here now contracted it would be
'D do not confuse it with had pay
attention to that and wouldn't - would plus
not then the basic sentence
would be subject + would + the base
of the verb so let's look at when do we
use would first for polite requests
preferences and questions like my
example would you like milk with your
coffee ? would you like this is very much
used in English another example would
you like to go out with me tonight ?
and in this case we have another verb
after like so we need to add "to" do not
forget that now the second usage or
situation
for repeated actions in the past so when
something happens repeatedly in the past
do not confuse it with used to if you
want to watch a lesson on this part of
grammar you may click here he would jog
only during the weekends when he was
young so an action repeatedly in the
past number three to express desire or
intent for example I like to visit Tibet
one day maybe number four
used in stories to talk about the
thoughts of somebody is having about the
future for example she would get to the
airport some time so this is a thought
she had about her future she would get
to the airport some time now the fifth
situation where we find would if used
with "not" to talk about something that
happened in the past it means that
whoever we are referring to was
unwilling or refused to do something
it's better the example to understand it
they wouldn't go to school after the
shooting so the children after they
heard the shooting they wouldn't go to
school now this is attached to the
second conditional let's look at the
sixth situation where we find would to
indicate certainty in particular
circumstances for example even my little
nephew would understand this would
now let's recap in this lesson we looked
at the modal verb "would" would is the
past of the verb "will" we use it with the
second conditional and the third
conditional don't forget would have for the
third conditional I've listed six
situations where we can use "would" the
most common ones are habitual actions in
the past and polite requests and offers
that's it for today if you liked my
lesson please share it and subscribe to
my channel so that next week you'll get
a new lesson I have to thank you so much
for all your comments and all your
suggestions and maybe what I would ask
you this time is to write your own
example using "would" with one situation or
another
having said that thank you very much for
watching and see you next week with a
new have a great day bye bye
-------------------------------------------
YouTube's Ad Boycott Could Quickly Become Google's Biggest Headache - Duration: 6:57.
YouTube's Ad Boycott Could Quickly Become Google's Biggest Headache.
As many as 250 companies have indefinitely suspended their ad campaigns.
By Michael Liedtke Associated Press.
YouTube's inability to keep big-brand ads off unsavory videos is threatening to transform
a rising star in Google's digital family into a problem child.
It's not yet clear whether a recent ad boycott of YouTube will be short-lived or the start
of a long-term shift away from the video service -- one that could undercut Google's growth
and that of its corporate parent,Alphabet Inc.
Alphabet's first-quarter results, released Thursday, provided few clues.
Major advertisers didn't start pulling their money from YouTube until the three-month period
was nearly over.
The company's earnings rose 29 percent to $5.4 billion while revenue climbed 22 percent
to $24.8 billion.
Shares surged nearly 5 percent, to $933, in Thursday's extended trading.
CLOUD OVER YOUTUBE But the fallout from the YouTube boycott is
likely to be felt through the rest of this year.
Skittish advertisers have curtailed their spending until they are convinced Google can
prevent their brands from appearing next to extremist clips promoting hate and violence.
"There is no entity in the world that is more risk averse than a senior marketing person,"
says Larry Chiagouris, a marketing professor at Pace University in New York.
"They don't want to go with a media choice that presents problems for a brand, and they
don't have to because they have many other choices."
Google CEO Sundar Pichai told analysts during a Thursday review of the first quarter that
the company has had "thousands and thousands" of conversations with advertisers as YouTube
takes steps to protect their brands.
"We are evolving overall to a better place," Pichai said.
At another point, he assured analysts that YouTube is still experiencing "extraordinary"
growth without providing specifics.
Even if YouTube continues to lose advertisers, it won't leave a huge dent in Alphabet's earnings.
That's because marketers are expected to keep feeding the company's golden goose -- Google's
dominant search engine.
Ads appearing alongside the billions of search results Google churns out each day still generate
most of Alphabet's revenue even as it expands into other fields.
But ad spending has been accelerating at a rapid pace on YouTube over the past two years
as brands sought to connect with its audience of more than 1 billion people.
Now it looks like things might taper off.
TAKING THE GLOSS OFF Before the boycott began, YouTube's ad revenue
after subtracting commissions was expected to rise 26 percent this year to $7 billion,
based on estimates from the research firm eMarketer.
Alphabet doesn't disclose YouTube's finances.
Advertisers began to flee YouTube last month, after The Times in London and other media
outlets turned up evidence that their brands were appearing alongside clips promoting terrorism
and racism.
The findings alerted advertisers that YouTube didn't have adequate technology or staffing
to shield brands from some of the appalling material that gets posted on a site that receives
400 hours of video per minute.
"This is an ostrich situation where the ostrich just pulled its head out of the sand," says
Harry Kargman, CEO of Kargo, which helps manage ad campaigns on mobile devices.
FLIGHT OF THE BRANDS At one point, about 250 advertisers were boycotting
YouTube.
(Some also stepped back from a related system that Google operates to place commercials
next to videos on outside websites.)
The list included big-spending marketers such as PepsiCo, Wal-Mart Stores, Starbucks, AT&T,
Verizon, Johnson & Johnson, and Volkswagen.
It's unclear how many, if any, of those have returned to YouTube since Google promised
to hire more human reviewers and upgrade its technology to keep ads away from repugnant
videos.
Both Verizon and AT&T, two companies that are trying to expand their own digital ad
networks to compete with Google, told The Associated Press that they are still boycotting
YouTube.
FX Networks confirmed that it isn't advertising on YouTube either.
Several other boycotting marketers contacted by AP didn't respond.
TEMPORARY HIT OR PERMANENT SCAR?
Even if advertisers return, Kargman predicted they are unlikely to spend as much as they
once did.
"It's going to be a slow burn as brands quietly shift their spending away," he said.
"There are now questions about the quality of video on YouTube in the long term."
Investors, however, apparently aren't too worried so far.
YouTube's financial contributions remain a fairly small part of a company expected to
generate $87 billion in revenue this year, after subtracting ad commissions.
RBC Capital Markets analyst Mark Mahaney estimates the reduced spending on YouTube and Google's
ad network for video on third-party sites could reduce Alphabet's net revenue by $300
million, to $1.5 billion, this year.
Some of that spending could shift to Facebook, Mahaney said, although the social network
is facing its own challenges trying to block live videos of violence that appall viewers
and advertisers alike.
It is safe to say our content is considered advertiser friendly.
As you can see we still have a financial situation and we're still in need of your generous donations.
We extremely greatful for the out pouring of donations we received so far.
Thank you so much.
If you'd like to make a donation click the link below in our description at, the event
is coming soon dot com slash donation.
-------------------------------------------
How humans made corn. - Duration: 5:27.
Ten thousand years ago, there was no corn, just a grass, called Teosinte specifically:
Zea mays spp. parviglumis.
This grass looked little like modern corn, the plant is highly branched, the kernals
are small, few in number, not fused, and enclosed in a hard fruit case.
But somehow, early farmers turned this grass into corn, so how did they do it?
When early farmers grew their proto corn, each year they selected what they considered
the best individuals to take seeds from for the next season.
With each generation the plant was enriched for traits that made it more useful to humans.
Over time random genetic mutations that would improve the crop would occur,
and these would be breed into corn by this process.
And slowly the plant became closer to the corn we know today.
But that's not the whole story.
Up to 12% of the genetic material in corn is derived from Zea mays ssp. Mexicana
and these genes are thought to have been introduced through introgressive hybridization.
By this process genes are introduced into one plant from a closely related plant.
It begins with the two lines being crossed
producing offspring where one allele of each gene comes from each parent.
Then by repeatedly backcrossing with one of the parents we can be left with only a few
genes derived from the second parent,
effectively introducing these genes into one plant from the other.
How intentionally this was done by our ancient Mesoamerican farmers we likely will never know,
but we do know that the end result was a humble grass became the power crop we know today
But how easy was it to change a wild grass into something similar to today's corn?
Well in the 1930s Nobel Prize winning scientist George Beadle did an experiment.
He crossed the wild grass with the domesticated corn producing an F1 hybrid
containing one copy of each gene from each parent: one from the wild grass and the other from modern corn.
He then crossed the F1 hybrid with itself producing an F2 hybrid
and scored the phenotype of these plants.
He was looking for how many of these plants resembled modern corn and wild type grass,
and how many were somewhere in between.
If you remember your high school biology and your Punnett squares, you'll know what to expect.
For each gene one quarter of the plants would carry two copies of the allele from corn and
another quarter two copies originally from the wild grass, with the other half of the
plants retaining one copy from each.
So if one gene was governing the entire phenotypic difference between modern corn and wild Teosinte
we would find one in four plants that look like corn.
If two genes are required only one in sixteen plants will receive two copies of both genes
from corn and another one in sixteen will receive two copies of both genes from the wild grass
We can generalize this to one in four to the power of n.
Where n is the number of genes involved in the phenotypic differences.
Beadle scored about fifty thousand F2 plants and found that one in 500 resembled corn
and another one in 500 resembled wild grass; putting the number of genes dictating the phenotypic
difference at just four or five!
Not too many for our ancient agriculturalists to breed in.
Of course, many other genes have refined corn to be the crop it is today, but fundamentally,
changing a few genes can turn a practically inedible grass into a useful crop.
How could so few genes have such a large effect?
Well the genes involved are regulatory genes whose role is to dictate the expression of
other genes.
In this way these few genes control the expression of dozens of other genes that ultimately lead
to drastic phenotypic change.
(STEP BACK) Well that answers how they changed the plant but leaves the question of why they
would even start cultivating Teosinte in the first place?
(SOLILOQUY) There is a theory for that too, and the key to this is the hard fruit cases.
With heat applied to the Teosinte kernals, water is vaporised inside the kernals
cooking the starch and building up pressure, until the hard fruit case can withstand no more
and it bursts, resulting in white fluffy popcorn.
Then it's just a matter of growing enough plants to support the cities of the Mesoamerican civilisations.
(STEP BACK) And that was not as easy as it sounds, the Aztec's solution was the Chinampa,
artificial islands that were created by building up extensions of soil into freshwater lakes.
The Chinampas were made from layering mud over tree trunks stuck in the lake until you
had a legitimate island.
With these islands, they could grow enough food for their massive capital of Tenochtitlan.
They transported the food from the chinampas back to the city using a series of canals.
That's right, Tenochtitlan had canals, just like Venice.
The water the city sat on, however, was brackish, or semi-salt water, and not so good for farming with
To fix this problem, the Aztecs built a series of dams to keep out the salt water,
and control the levels of the lake.
These dams were even complete with a system of channels to prevent flooding.
You'd actually be surprised by just how many technological innovations pre columbian
indigenous peoples had built.
If you go on over to my channel, I released a video talking about
just a few of these amazing technologies.
(SOLILOQUY) Fantastic, I'll grab the popcorn, or the Teosinte kernals, and let's head
over to step back history and find out what else the Aztec's invented.
You'll find links to their video in all the usual places
-------------------------------------------
I want to go to the beach | From Cuba To Antarctica | English Subtitles - Duration: 8:53.
I had to take a jacket for breakfast
because it`s freezing cold there
[It's not that cold]
I put dough in the cup.
Then I pour it and we will make a big waffle
[And one for me]
[Calorie bomb!]
[First time eating wafle]
Bon appetite buddies.
Let`s go. Where?
We are leaving. Car is waiting for us.
I`m coming, coming. [Those social networks...]
Where we are going Barbara?
We are going to buy some clothes.
[I hope it will not take long]
[Thanks, i picked them]
Women have admired my shoes.
The shopping time is here!!! Wuuu
Yesterday i bought beautiful flip-flops [We will cut off this]
Actually, it`s not flip-flops but sandals.
They are made from material which is from
yoga mat and are very comfy. [Hmm, so what?]
[Down there is our lost time]
Peter Glenn and my Victoria Secret.
Shopping cheers me up everytime.
Here`s everything and bio stuff too. Eco-friendly.
Wauuu. Superfood. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
Mega-Omega.
This one is with zero sugars and with chia!
Here`s oatmeal paradise [More like mecca of consumerism]
[You dont need much to be happy]
I have some at home but I for sure will take some. [Half of your backpack is just oatmeal]
Glutenfreeda. Doña Glutenfreeda [Didnt worked out]
This is sweet. But this one costs 2,29 USD and that one 3,99 USD. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
So, we have the winner. In this one is Mega-Omega, Chia, Quinoa, Aaaahhh. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
How many packs are inside? <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
[We are still at the beginning]
Zero Sugaaar.
Okay, but I don`t know which one I should take.
Here is watermelon... [Whatever is good] So, I`ll pick this one.
I will keep it for our journey [Finally!]
[We are going to the beach!] Who's there? It`s me.
Password. Miami Vibes. Come.
Where`s my Miami style? Let`s go change it! [And the beach?]
[Like a bubblegum princess]
We are still looking for our Miami style. We can`t find it. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
But we keep searching.
That`s great. That`s paradise. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
[This will take a while...] Paradise for us, for women, for… Shorts only for 12 bucks? <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
Wauuu I can buy only one
because my backpack is small.
I'm going to look for some more clothes, but it takes only 10 minutes. Okay?
That are clothes for hiking? This one yes.
The one with holes is for Antarctica?
I`m going to use it. Does it provide thermal isolation?
I`m going to see some clothes, Okay?
These three shorts? I have to choose one. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
You make a progress that you cut down
the amount of 25 pieces to 8 pieces.
How many do you have there? Going with me?
I can`t. I`m wearing my new crocs. Really? <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
They are great! They are waterproof, stylish and resistant.
Okay. See you soon. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
Scraper. [It is quite cool] Scraper, scraper, scra-scraper. Scraper. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
You should decrease not increase the amount of clothes.
Yeees.
But I wanna buy…wait… [Hypnotized]
[Shopping zombie]
Last ones. Shorts and T-shirt.
[Great, let's go!]
We did shopping and now we are going to hit the beach.
[Just act inconspicuous]
It`s windyyyyyyyy. Wuuuuu. Miami-yummy, yummy, Miami. Windy Miami.
It`s raining a little, so we are in a shop right now, because we would get wet.
Smashed down!
It`s called Touchdown.
[Awkwaaard[
One more time. One more time please, I`m going on the stage. May I? Yes. <i><b><u><font color=#00000000></font></u></b></i>
Touchdown!
We spent this day in easy way, did some shopping
because we needed to buy some clothes.
Then we went to the beach to catch the sunset.
In Miami is bad weather and it`s raining,
but we don`t mind it because our day was really great. [Yes it was ]
Even if we got mad sometimes, we still love you.
If you enjoy our video, then like it, give a comment, share it and subscribe!
Olá!
-------------------------------------------
Is English a Tonal Language? - Duration: 9:29.
Many of you have probably heard of the phenomenon of "tonal languages," languages where
you need to say things with just the right tone, otherwise you'll wind up saying something
completely different.
The most famous tonal language is Chinese, but this category also includes plenty of
other languages, especially in southeast asia and Africa.
In these languages controlling the pitch of your voice while your saying something is
just as important as getting the consonants and vowels right.
For instance in Chinese, ma means horse while ma means mother.
Compare that to English, where "horse" "horse" "horse" "horse," all of
these just mean "horse."
So there you go.
If a language uses pitch it's tonal, if it doesn't then it's not.
Super simple.
Until you start to think about it, for even, like, a couple of minutes, at which point
everything breaks.
Because here's the thing: tone might not change the meaning of this particular word,
but we do use tone to communicate meaning.
In fact, I can think of at least three different ways to communicate different things in English
using tone.
Firstly, you can use pitch to emphasize certain words.
"HE didn't steal the money," "he didn't STEAL the money," and "he didn't steal
the MONEY" these three sentences communicate completely different ideas, and the only difference
between them is the tone I said them in.
Secondly, you can use tone to signify questions.
Compare "You stole the book?" to "You stole the book."
The first might not technically be a question, but at the very least it does make it sound
like I'm expecting an answer, whereas the second doesn't.
Lastly, it seems like differences in tone is the main way we figure out which syllable
the stress of a word falls on, and we use stress to distinguish between different words.
Permit is a noun, while permit is a verb, and you can actually experimentally show that
the main way we tell the difference is by looking at which syllable has the higher pitch.
Situations like this are rare in English, but there are more, like incline vs incline
or intern vs intern.
If you're anything like me, you might easily look at all this and get the impression that
English is actually a tonal language.
Or at least that this whole thing is a lot more complicated than people generally let
on.
Well, I'm hear to tell you that it's the second one, but people don't usually go
into the details because it gets really confusing and difficult to talk about really quickly.
So, on that note, let's dive in!
Buckle up everyone because we're about to get technical.
Let's start by defining some terms, because I've been using the word "tone" kind
of sloppily this whole video.
On a piano, which key you press determines the pitch of the sound, while how hard you
push it controls the volume.
Pitch is basically the frequency of the sound wave, while volume is the amplitude.
Now, you might notice you can play a note on a piano and then play the same note at
the same volume on a violin, but they'll still sound different.
This is because of timbre, which for are purposes is basically the texture of the sound.
Pause the screen now if you want to get into the physics of it, but for the rest of you
we can just move on.
Now, almost all of the time in language it's the timbre of the sound that's communicating
information, which is why you can take an audio recording and raise the pitch or lower
the pitch or make it louder or quieter and most of the time it'll mean exactly the
same thing as before.
But as we noted earlier with these three things, pitch also sometimes communicates information.
So, if your definition of a tonal language is just "a language that incorporates pitch
somehow," then, yes, English would be a tonal language, along with probably every
language ever.
But usually when linguists say that a language is tonal, they mean that it uses pitch to
communicate lexical information.
All that means is that pitch is used to distinguish one word from another.
"Pink and FLUFFY" might mean something different from "PINK and fluffy?", but
those differences are post-lexical: above the level of the word.
The pitch changes things like which word is more important and whether the phrase as a
whole is a question or not, it doesn't change what words there are or what order they're
in.
Which lets us deal with these two, but there's still a case to be made that English is tonal
because of "accent."
What I mean by accent is that within a word some syllables feel more prominent or important
than others.
In "permit" the accent is on the first syllable, while in "permit" it's on
the second one.
It looks a lot like the main way we tell which syllable has the accent is the fact that the
accented syllable has a higher pitch, so English uses pitch to distinguish between words, so
that must make it tonal.
However, there are two huge differences between what English does and what true tonal languages
do.
The first is that pitch isn't always the main way we tell where the accent is in a
word.
Thing is, in English, when a word is the focus of a whole sentence, we usually give the accented
syllable of that word higher pitch, and when we say "permit" and "permit" all on
their own like that we're kind of saying them as if they're making up a whole sentence
all on their own, so of course they're going to have the focus, so of course we're going
to make the accented syllable higher pitched.
But listen to the way I say them in context when they don't have the sentence's focus:
"I didn't permit that."
"I didn't give him the permit" And if we cut those words out of the surrounding
recording and play them back… "permit" "permit"
Suddenly it doesn't sound like pitch is the main thing we're using to tell them
apart.
In this context you can show that it's actually the relative length of the two syllables,
or which of them you spend more time pronouncing, that's doing most of the work of getting
across which syllable has the accent.
That length difference is there whether or not that word has the focus of the sentence,
which makes it seem like it's actually the main signifier of stress and not pitch.
The second reason English accent doesn't count as tone is that English accent is syntagmatic
rather than paradigmatic.
I told you we were gonna get technical.
Alright, let me try to explain.
If English really had tones then it would be natural to ask "ok, how many tones does
it have?" and the answer would seem to be two, one for when a syllable is accented and
one for when it's unaccented.
But that would imply that a two syllable word could have one of four different tone patterns:
one where the first one's accented, one where the second one's accented, one where
both are and one where neither are.
But that's not allowed: each word needs to have exactly one accented syllable: no
more, no less.
Permit and permit are both valid words, but PER-MIT and permit aren't.
This makes it look like English accent isn't really an innate quality of the syllable,
but rather, which syllable is accented is a property of the word.
If the accented-ness of each syllable varied independently then we could call English accent
paradigmatic, but the fact that they can't and that each word has exactly one accent
means that it's syntagmatic.
With this in mind we can say that a tonal language is a language that makes paradigmatic
lexical distinctions based primarily on pitch and English pretty clearly fails that definition.
In fact, there are cases of languages that are even closer to being tonal but still don't
meet this bar.
Japanese has syntagmatic accent like English, but unlike in English this accent is primarily
distinguished using pitch.
Languages like these are called pitch-accent languages, because, well, they mark accents
with pitch.
So, I hope that clears up why English isn't tonal, but for me at least, all of this kind
of raised more questions than it answered.
Like, if English uses pitch to communicate post-lexical information, like which word
is most important or whether the sentence is a question, then can tonal languages not
do that?
Like, if Chinese is already using pitch so much to distinguish between different words,
it sounds like they wouldn't be able to use pitch to emphasize words or mark questions
like English speakers do.
But that's not actually true.
It works differently than in English, but Chinese uses pitch to communicate both lexical
and post-lexical information.
One way that linguists used to think about this was basically in terms of adding functions.
You start with a function for the overall pitch of the whole sentence, which communicates
post-lexical information, and then you get another function that describes the tone of
each word, and then you just add the two functions together to get the way the pitch will vary
over the course of the sentence.
This is called the overlay model, because you're sort of overlaying different things
that affect the pitch, and it's pretty similar to the way a lot of people subjectively experience
how pitch works in tonal languages.
I think it's also a good way to introduce someone to the idea that in tonal languages
you can use pitch both to distinguish between words and to communicate all the stuff the
rest of it use it for.
Only problem is, it's kinda wrong.
Thing is, if you actually use the overlay model to make predictions about how the pitch
of someone's voice will change over the course of a sentence, and then you go out
and test it, the results aren't great.
It took linguists a long time to figure that out, in large part because it hasn't been
very long since the equipment necessary to measure this kind of thing objectively was
invented.
But once it was invented it wasn't long before there were a lot of tech companies
who wanted to make computers that could communicate with humans with normal spoken language, and
these tech companies suddenly got extremely interested in getting this kind of thing right,
so all of a sudden there was both the means and the pressure to do some actual science
to this area of linguistics, and the main result of that was the Auto-segmental Metrical
Theory.
Whereas the overlay model makes it sound like the speech centers of our brains are generating
two or more functions and then adding them together to produce the pitch we want to make,
the AM theory says that it's much more useful to think of a chunk of speech as containing
a linear string of tonal events.
Each language will have a limited number of possible tone events, rules for how tone events
are actually realized in the pitch of someone's voice and rules for which tone events happen
when depending on what words we're saying, the syntactic structure that they're in
and whatever post-lexical information we want to communicate.
These rules might be very complicated and they're going to be different in different
languages, but this basic model has proven to be very useful for modeling how different
languages deal with pitch differently.
For instance, with Mandarin Chinese some words in a sentence will be more important than
others, and a lot of the time this is marked by an exaggeration of the tone it would have
otherwise.
Low tones get lower and high tones get higher.
This can be described within the AM framework reasonably easily, you can just say that the
string of tone events is different depending on what lexical tones there are and also depending
on which word has the focus, and that when the tone events mark a word as having the
focus it winds up getting realized as an exaggerated form of the normal tone.
I'm not entirely sure how one would explain this with an overlay model.
There's a lot more I could get into.
Each language has its own unique system for combining lexical and post-lexical information
to create variations in pitch and volume and timing, but I hope that now the idea of tonal
languages at least makes a bit more sense to you.
See you soon for more linguistics videos!
-------------------------------------------
Easy Way To Tell If She's Ready To Be Kissed - Duration: 5:41.
Hey, Tripp Kramer here from
www.trippadvice.com and I know that guys are
obsessed with knowing whether or not a
girl is ready to be kissed. And the
reason they're obsessed with it is
because they fear the rejection. You're really
putting yourself on the line here and
getting really vulnerable when you're
going for the kiss. It's a little bit
more intense than asking her out or even
trying to get her a number. But I'm
telling you right now that this is
something that you still want to try and
still want to go for no matter what. Even
if you're going for the kiss, it's still
good to get rejected. Rejection is
strength. I want you to know that.
Rejection is strength. The more and more you
get rejected, the more and more it's
going to become easier for you to be
able to move forward with the
interactions with the girls that you're
meeting. Here's the deal, no matter what
happens, most girls are going to reject
you. Even if you're going to kiss, going for
the number, whatever it is, most girls are
going to be rejecting you. Why?
Because this is a little bit of a
numbers game. You're going to have to be
approaching and talking to a lot of
girls and making a lot of moves before
you end up settling with the one that you
really wants to be with. And that's what
I want for you. So keep some of that
stuff in mind. Here is a really easy
way to tell if a girl is ready to be
kissed. First, you have to look for some
of the micro signs that she's interested.
If you're on a date well that's it,
she's already interested. We'll
get back to that in a second. If you're
just meeting her for the first time,
maybe you're at a bar or maybe
you're at an event or a party or
something like that, there's some of
those micro signs. Meaning you guys has been
talking for a while. She's asking you
questions.
Maybe she's touching your arm, she's
giving you really good eye contact.
Some of these micro signs that
she's at least interested in the
conversation and a little bit invested
in terms of what's going on between you
and her. And then, here's the easy way to
tell once you have some of those signs
what you can do is just move closer to
her. If you guys are let's for
example say on a date and after the date
you guys are talking, maybe you're
walking for a little bit and you stop and you
start talking more and then you move
closer to her and I mean like you're
this far apart like this is
you and this is her. Right here. You're at
a very close distance and she doesn't
back off or she doesn't seem like she's
really frazzled or like what's going on
here and she's still giving you really
good eye contact,
that means she's ready to be kissed or
at the very least she will accept your
kiss because she is comfortable with you.
Let me summarize this again. Basically,
you're going to be moving closer to her.
It's that distance that's really important
and they're going to be looking out for
whether or not she is comfortable with
it. A girl who is not comfortable might back
off a little bit or might be a little
bit you know standoffish. If you're
not seeing any of those signs then she
is ready for it and I don't want you to
wait a second more. What's really
important about going for the kiss is
this,you have to just go for it.
A lot of times you're going to be
sitting there, you're going to be in your
head, your'e going to be thinking too much about this.
I don't want you to be overthinking
this. That is going to cause you to
do nothing. Just look for this one sign,
you get close to her, she doesn't back
off and then you go for it. I just
went over the date, but there's a couple
other of example scenarios. There's
maybe you meet a girl at a bar, maybe you're at an
event or at a party. What's really
important for you to do is to isolate
her, get her away from her friends get
her away from anyone that she knows so
she doesn't feel too embarrassed if you
guys start making out. A good thing to
do for example if you're at a bar is to
just grab her hand and walk to a new
location. It doesn't matter where it is, just
go somewhere else. Grabbing her and
telling her that you want to get a drink
or going to the dance floor or just
moving outside. Anything else. Getting her
away and isolating you two and then you
can move to making that short distance
and then going for the kiss. And the same
thing goes for some sort of event or
even at a party. Really creating this
interaction between you two where it's like
this imaginary bubble, imaginary
bubble. Meaning, that it feels like it's
only you two in the room, she's not
paying attention to anyone else, you're
not paying attention to anyone else. You
guys are getting really close, you're
getting closer.
You can tell she's ready for the kiss and
then you go for the kiss. One thing you
need to understand
as a man is that you have to be the one
leading the interaction all the way
through from the moment that you
approach her all the way to kissing,
to sex and even to a relationship, hell
even marriage. This is your job. Not
because girls are lazy and not because
they just want all the guys to do
everything. It's because that is what
attracts them. They're attracted to guys
who know what they want and go for it.
This is one of the masculine traits that
a woman is looking for. It's up to you
to be dominant. And that's what I mean by
dominance. Going through and leading the
interaction all the way through. I
want you to do that even with the kiss.
Now I demonstrate this whole process in a really
cool technique that I call Tripp's Tension
Technique. You're going to actually see
me and another girl doing this technique
on a video which is completely free.
It's called Tripp's Tension Technique and
it's in the description below.
Just a little link, put your email in and
you will get the video of me
demonstrating how to turn a girl on and
go for the kiss. It's a really cool
technique and you can use this pretty
much any time. If you want to see that
demonstration, go ahead click the link in
the description below and also like this
video if it has helped you and go ahead
and write a comment down below. I want to hear
from you and tell me if you've used this
and if it has worked for you. Go do that
and I'll see you on the next video.
-------------------------------------------
How does Mavic Pro Color Profiles look in real life? - Duration: 3:23.
how good is the footage recorded with
your Mavic without post-processing
This is a question that I've seen a
seen asked frequently. I've made this
video where I run through all the color
profiles currently available. Welcome to
this series of basic tips to record
better and smoother video with your
Mavic. We frequently upload ewheel and
drone related material that will help
you get the best out of your equipment.
If you're new to this channel then
subscribe so you don't miss out on
anything. When you are flying it can be
very difficult to judge the look of the
video. Yes, you can see when you change
color profiles that the colors are
changing on the screen, but you can't
really judge the final result because of
the tiny screen and maybe the impact of
sunlight. DJI keep renaming their
profiles, but with the latest firmware
these are the current profiles available.
Are you already using color profiles? What
profile are using and why? Put a comment
in the comment section below. Now let's
look what the filters look like when
they rendered out in the final video.
The video samples has been recorded in 2.7 k
30 fps and the white balance
set to SUNNY. Style has been
set to +1,0,0 for sharpness
contrast and saturation. The video has
been rendered in 1080p, through
DaVinci Resolve.
The choice of
color profile is highly dependable on
what you're planning to do with the footage
afterward. If you plan to color grade the
footage with tools like Davinci Resolve
you might want to go for a flat profile
like D-Log or D-Cinelike. You can
apply something called LUT or look-up
tables with your color grading
software. that allows easy color grading
of your footage. This is outside the scope
of this video's so this we can cover
another time. Color grading look stunning
but sometimes it can also be very
time-consuming. You might just want to do
some casual flying and use the footage
directly of your Mavic. This is where the
color profile come in handy and you can
produce a certain look and feel to your
footage. What profile is the right for
your needs? That is hard for me to say
This is up to personal style and
preferences, but I hope this video helps
you to see how the color profiles look
when they applied through the final
video
I hope you found this video helpful, if
so press the like button below subscribe
so you don't miss out on anything and
see you on the next one
you
-------------------------------------------
Is the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio the Ultimate Italian Saloon Car? - Duration: 16:33.
Let's make Alfa great again!
So guys, the long awaited test drive of the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio is finally here!
I knew it would have been rather exciting driving this car as I already had a first taste of its remarkable platform with the Stelvio!
You know, Alfa Romeo has spent more than a billion euros to develop this brand new platform and you know,
driving first the Stelvio and then the Giulia,
it's a bit like watching your favourite tv series from the second season and then jumping back to the first one!
You know you're gonna spoiler yourself something but at least you know it's gonna be great!
And what I've spoilered myself is that this platform makes the Giulia so agile and incredibly fun to drive!
So, let's switch Alfa Romeo's manettino from Dynamic to Race mode, which is the most aggressive setting that you can find on this car!
I quite like also the configuration of this Giulia,
you know at first I was kinda disappointed because I was like " Uh, grey, you serious? "
but then with the time I started to appreciate this colours configuration, I think it looks very sneaky
and even with this colour this car really attracts the attention, I didn't expected that!
Maybe to the eyes of many this is just another Giulia but
to the eyes of the petrolheads, they realize instantly this is not an ordinary Giulia but the Quadrifoglio, which is the top version that money can buy.
It looks much more aggressive and badass, compared to a standard Giulia.
It's a good thing I already warmed up the tires because
switching all the electronics off and driving with the cold tires is a dangerous mix but
once the tires start to warm up a little bit,
the car's behaviour is truly incredible! It's
it's surprisingly easy to control so much power with the electronics off!
This is also given also thanks to the incredible platform which makes the car so balanced and predictable you know,
it's not very nervous, once the rear of the car starts to slide
you start to feel it immediately!
And I think it easy to control and to oversteer.
By driving in this way, I don't know how much the tires are gonna last!
You know, it was a..
A controlled spinout.
CUT, CUT!
Slamming my foot on the brakes!
It's a good thing the Giulia Quadrifoglio has massive and powerful brakes!
But you know what?
If I really need to make a critic to this car, it's about the brakes because
this press car is fitted with the option carbon ceramic brakes.
It's a 7500€ option and I don't think that carbon ceramic brakes are really necessary on a car like this because
this is a daily car and the biggest problem of the carbon ceramic brakes is the fact that they really to take some time to heat up and
when these brakes are cold, they are really dangerous because they don't offer a decent breaking power!
Even the steel ones offer a powerful breaking and I think you need to cool them down earlier but at the end of the day,
I think that the steel ones are the one to go in this car.
The worst side of the carbon ceramic brakes is that
they're actually way too fragile, especially for a track use.
You just need to go out of the track once to risk to break the carbon ceramic disks,
the pebbles are the worst enemy for this kind of disks.
This kind of disks are more fragile than you may think!
I think there's a lot of marketing behind the carbon ceramic brakes and I think that a lot of people just waste their money to have them and to say
to their friends " Oh I've got carbon ceramic brakes, like on supercars! " but I think yeah, they're kinda useless,
so if you're thinking to buy a Giulia Quadrifoglio, I think you should go for the steel ones and save a lot of money!
Talking about expensive options, this car is almost fully equipped, by playing on Alfa Romeo's car configurator
this car costs about 93.000€ and it's equipped with lots of cool things for example the option sport seats,
I think these are really good!
You know, the standard seats are more like a couch but these ones they wrap you around, in the corners you don't move
and they're not uncomfortable as they look!
On a daily driving I find them rather comfy to be honest!
And the coolest thing is that actually the passengers behind will get to enjoy the fully exposed carbon fibre, they look pretty amazing!
3500€ for them, yeah go for them, definitely!
And you know, it you love carbon fibre there's really lots money to spend around here,
even the hood is made of carbon fibre and behind the wheel of the car you can actually a part of the bonnet 's carbon fibre!
I think that overall the designers of Alfa Romeo have done an amazing job from the inside and outside, especially the outside I have to say
because I love the way this car looks!
I have to say, the back of this car - which is my favourite side -
I think it looks quite " Maseratish ",
if you remove the badge in the back, I think that lots of people would confuse this car for a Maserati!
I'm not saying that this is a bad thing actually, I love Maseratis and their design
and you know Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Ferrari, it's all like a big family.
For example there's also a Ferrari side in this car, like the engine!
This is actually the same engine of the Ferrari California T, well here it's smaller,
it's a 2.9L twin turbo V6 engine, 2 cylinders less but still
this car is capable to produce 510hp and 600nm of torque and let me say that well, this is a rather brilliant engine!
Below 3000rpms the engine doesn't deliver that much of power and boost but when the turbos kick in, my goodness!
It redlines at 7000rpms and
if you turn off the electronics this car is so brutal, so fast, so fun!
And the idea of combining this engine with a 6-Speed manual transmission.. This is the recipe of an amazing driving experience, really!
I already tested the option ZF 8-Speed automatic transmission on the Stelvio
and I found it a really nicely done transmission but even if with the clutch pedal this car might be annoying to be driven in the traffic,
I think I would go for this one with the manual transmission.
It's incredible at how a transmission can change so much the driving experience, I find this car a lot more engaging and fun to drive with the stick and a clutch pedal.
And of course with a manual transmission the gear change is not as quick as with the paddles so Alfa Romeo has developed a trick
which makes you able to change the gear while keeping the foot on the throttle.
All you have to do is to smash the foot on the throttle and then while the foot is still on the throttle
you press the clutch pedal and voilà, you change gear!
And this makes the gear change slighty quicker, so you don't have to lift the foot on the throttle!
This car gets, very, very sideways!
I'm not sure how much tire's left but I could do this all day long and controlling the powerslides through the steering wheel well
if I haven't crashed yet through the fence it's because this car is very predictable to drive,
and also the steering wheel really provides a very good feedback, it's so sharp and direct!
And after a few laps with the electronics off I feel very confident to push it to the limit!
That's a lot of smoke!
Pit stops with the Giulia are needed once in a while, if you slide too much the LSD quicky overheats and starts not to work properly,
oh yeah and it's good to take advantage of the situation to check the tire wear also!
When you don't want to drive sideways, you can really feel the tires provide so much traction and grip,
but with a slighty bigger touch on the throttle you're going sideways!
We're on the main straight and from the front camera what you can see is actually the active aerodynamics of the Giulia Quadrifoglio!
Yeah, this car has active aerodynamics!
Above 100kph, the front carbon fibre spoiler gets lower in order to provide more even downforce so the car is even more glued to the road!
Heel-toe!
I'm not a kind of saloon car guy but to be honest, I wouldn't mind having a Giulia Quadrifoglio in my garage!
Dear Alfa Romeo, would you mind making me a big discount for one of these, pleeeease!
You know what I love also about this car?
Ferrari once said that they will never, ever build a saloon car.
Well, this is technically a false statement because they used to make the Ferrari 456 Venice for the Sultan of Brunei,
it's a one-off but still they made it
and one-off aside, I think that the Alfa Giulia Quadrifoglio is actually the closest thing that you can buy from a Ferrari saloon car!
And I say this not just because the engine is taken from Ferrari but also because the technicians of Ferrari have helped Alfa Romeo to develop this car!
So we can say that part of this Alfa Romeo is also Ferrari!
And for a starting price of 79000€, well this sounds like a bargain!
I'm cooling down the car a little bit and I'm thinking, and thinking about the Giulia and Alfa Romeo in general
and I think that this is currently the best italian product if you're looking at a super sport sedan.
You know, there's also Maserati with the Quattroporte GTS but that car is oriented more of a grand tourer style
and this is more oriented on the pure driving experience.
I think that buying a Giulia Quadrifoglio with a 6-speed manual would be an irrational choice
because I think that most of the time you would actually complain to use the stick in the traffic
but I think that after all, that's a choice to be made not with the brain, but with the heart.
I love the fact that Alfa Romeo is putting lots of efforts to build valid and emotional products and the Giulia Quadrifoglio
is a great showcase of italian engineering and dedication.
Thank you Alfa Romeo!
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