Welcome, and thanks for watching this video on searching for and evaluating health information.
I'm Erin McArthur, Polk Library's Distance Education Librarian, and in this video, we'll
cover: How to get help from a librarian
Two ways to search for information through Polk – Search@UW, and Nursing research databases
Search tips and a search demonstration, including some advanced searching tips that may be new
to you How to evaluate the information you find on
the open web Using Google Scholar and other open web resources
First, it's important to know that Polk Librarians are here to help you – so don't
be afraid to ask! You can contact our infodesk by email, phone or in person in Polk 101.
We also offer 24/7 chat help, so you can get assistance day or night. We are also glad
to schedule one-on-one research help appointments for more in-depth questions. You can find
all of these help resources on the library homepage, in the Ask a Librarian toolbar in
the center of the page. When you are searching for information through
Polk Library, you can begin in one of two places – Search@UW, or a research database.
Search@UW is a one-box search tool that allows you to search across almost all of our article
databases, as well as our physical collections here at Polk, and the physical collections
of other UW System schools. It's a multidisciplinary search tool, so you'll see search results
from many different subject areas. Search@UW has an easy-to-use interface, and you'll
have full text access to all the articles in your search results.
The other way to search is by using our subject-specific research databases. A research database is
a smaller collection of materials organized by subject area. Databases give you more options
for focusing your search, and the results may be more relevant than what you find with
Search@UW. While not all results in research databases are available in full-text, you
can still request articles you need through interlibrary loan. Polk Library offers multiple
databases for nursing research, including CINAHL, which is the most comprehensive nursing
database; Medline, which covers nursing and other biomedical literature, Nursing Full
Text Plus, which includes nursing journals from the publisher Ovid, Cochrane Systematic
Reviews, and Alt Health Watch, which focuses on complementary and alternative medicine.
Regardless which method of searching you choose, the following tips will help you with your
search. Start by breaking down your topic or PICO question into its main concepts. These
main concepts will become your search terms. Next, brainstorm alternate ways to describe
those main concepts – consider both medical and layman's terms. You can always limit
your results by publication date, resource type (such as newspaper, magazine, book or
scholarly journal), or limit to peer-reviewed results only. There are also a few advanced
tricks you can try, which I will demonstrate shortly. First, add the keyword N U R S asterisk
to your search. This tells the database to search for the words nurse, nurses or nursing.
This will help you limit to results more focused on the nursing profession. You can even search
for NURS* in specific fields, such as journal title, to help you limit to nursing journals
only. A second advanced search tip is to use the subject headings, or topics in Search@UW.
Subject headings are how databases organize materials by their topic, so searching by
subject heading can help you find more relevant results.
Let's do some example searches in Search@UW and in CINAHL, our most comprehensive nursing
database. To begin, we'll use Search@UW. Imagine that our topic is related to skin-to-skin
contact between mothers and new babies, and we are interested in how nurses can facilitate
skin-to-skin when the mother needs a c-section. The main concepts in our search are skin-to-skin,
and cesarean, so we'll start with just those words as our search terms. Let's also limit
our results to Articles only. We have 1052 results for our search. Generally,
it's best to aim for somewhere between 50 and 300 results – anything more than that
is too overwhelming, so we need to narrow down our results using the limiters on the
left side of the page. First, we can easily limit to Peer Reviewed Journals only. Next,
we should limit by publication date, to see only articles within the past 5 years. Now
we have 496 results. To limit further, we could try one of our advanced search tips:
adding nurs* to the search, or using Topics to limit by subject area. Let's start by
adding nurs* to the search box. Whenever you add more terms to your search in Search@UW,
your limiters are removed, so we will need to go back and add in our Peer Reviewed and
publication date limitations. Now we have 70 results, which is a very manageable number.
If we chose to limit our results further, we could apply a Topic limiter. Further down
in the left column, we can see Topics available – the topic "Cesarean Section" would
be very relevant to our search, and adding that limiter would reduce our number of results
further, down to 26 results. Since we want between 50 and 300 results, we don't need
to limit further at this time. To view any of these articles, we can click
on the Full Text Available link to see our full text options. Just click on the name
of a database with full text to view, save, or print the article.
Next, let's do a similar search in CINAHL. To access CINAHL, you can select it from the
Research Databases dropdown menu on the library homepage. Or, you can go to the Nursing page
under Collections by Subject, and access CINAHL from there. While search@UW has just one search
box, in CINAHL, we will separate out our search terms and put one key concept in each box.
We get 48 results for our search in this database. This isn't too surprising, because subject-specific
databases are smaller collections of materials than Search@UW. If we want to limit our results
further, we can limit by publication date and resource type in the left column. That
leaves us with 36 articles. Let's try using the database's subject
headings to identify more relevant articles. One way to find appropriate subject headings
is to look at the articles in our results list. Each article in our results list displays
a list of its associated subject headings. We can see as we look at these articles that
two very relevant subject headings are "Cesarean section" and "Kangaroo Care." If we
change our search terms in the search boxes, and change the drop down list next to the
search boxes to "SU Subject," we can run a new search for articles that have both of
these subject headings assigned to them. This helps us get more relevant resources, as well
as capture any articles we might have missed with our original keyword search.
Another way to find relevant subject headings is to search the master list of subject headings
in the database. Click on CINAHL Headings in the top toolbar to browse the list. In
other databases, this feature might be called Subject Terms, MESH terms, or Thesaurus. Enter
one of your keywords in the search box – let's do skin-to-skin. Make sure that "relevancy
ranked" is selected – this means that the most relevant subject headings will come
up, even if they don't use the same words as your keywords. Then click Browse.
We can see that the database's preferred subject heading for skin-to-skin is Kangaroo
Care. When we click the checkbox next to the term, we can automatically add it to our search.
Then we can either run the search, or browse for additional terms to add.
Now, let's use the "nurs*" search term in the Publication Name field to limit our
results to nursing journals. Now we know all of our results will be relevant to our topic,
and appear in journals focused on issues relevant to the nursing profession.
While the library databases are a great way to find credible health information, we often
look for information on the open web as well. It's important to know how to search the
internet wisely! One helpful guideline for evaluating information you find online is
the CRAAP test. CRAAP stands for Currency Relevance Authority Accuracy and Purpose.
To evaluate a source's currency, look for a publication date or a date last updated.
These can sometimes be hard to find on websites – try looking all the way down at the page's
footer, or on the main page for the site. It is very important that health information
be current – a good rule of thumb is that it has been published or updated within the
last 5 years. A source's relevance is determined not only
by whether it relates to your topic, but by its intended audience. Is the information
aimed at health professionals? Consumers? Adults or children? Make sure the intended
audience is a match with your needs. Authority can be assessed by checking out
the author's qualifications. The author could be an individual, a group of people,
or an organization, so try to do some digging around to figure out their background and
experience in the subject. To evaluate accuracy, look for information
that cites sources or provides references. Evidence-based information is much more credible
than anecdotal or opinion-based information. See if you can independently verify the information
by comparing it to another source. Finally, think about the source's purpose.
Most information on the open web comes with some kind of viewpoint or agenda. Try to find
the most objective information you can. One way to do this is to limit your searches online
to sources with .gov or .edu domains – these are governmental and educational sites, which
are more likely to have unbiased information than .coms and other commercial sites.
Here's an example of how to limit your search this way in Google. Let's start with a basic
search for information about arthritis. A search for arthritis brings up a variety of
different sites – the Arthritis Foundation, Web MD, Wikipedia, and the National Library
of Medicine as well as sites like Arthritis.com, which is actually run by a drug company. The
most credible and unbiased of these sites are probably the MedlinePlus and National
Institute of Arthritis pages, which are both .gov sites. We can change our search to limit
to ONLY those sites with .gov domains. After the word arthritis, type S I T E colon,
. gov. This tells google to limit to sites with .gov domains. Now when we search again,
we see only federal and state governmental sites, which are more likely to have unbiased
information. In addition to using Google to search the
open web, you can use Google Scholar as another way to search academic literature on your
topic. Since most scholarly literature is locked down behind paywalls, it's important
to tell Google Scholar that you're a UW Oshkosh student, so you can access our subscription
based resources. When you go to Google Scholar (which is scholar.google.com), click on Settings.
Next, click Library Links in the left column. If you are searching from an on-campus computer,
you'll already see UW Oshkosh linked there, as it is on my screen. If you're at home,
search for "Oshkosh", click in the checkbox next to University of Wisconsin Oshkosh – Find
It at UW Oshkosh, and click Save. Now, when you search for information on your topic,
some of the articles will appear with a Find It at UW Oshkosh link to the right – click
that link to access the full text of the article. If you have any questions about the information
covered in this video, remember to ask a librarian! You can contact me directly at mcarthue@uwosh.edu
or by posting on the Ask the Librarian discussion board in your course, or you can use the Ask
a Librarian resources on the library homepage. Thanks for watching!
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