Cryptocurrencies or virtual currencies, are digital means of exchange that uses cryptography
for security.
The word 'Crypto' comes from the ancient greek word, 'kryptós
', which means hidden or private.
A digital currency that is created and used by private individuals or groups has multiple
benefits.
The defining benefit of cryptocurrency is that it is not governed by any central authority
or financial institution, rendering them immune to government interference or manipulation.
This is called having a decentralized system.
A centralized economic system however, consists of government or corporate control of currency.
The government and central banks control the supply of currency by printing units of fiat
money and controlling their values as well as transaction cost.
In a decentralized economic system, the supply and value of virtual currencies are controlled
by the users themselves, through highly complex protocols using peer-to-peer network.
In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto, a pseudonymous individual or group, proposed an electronic
payment system that is based on peer-to-peer network which is supported by cryptographic
proof instead of relying on trust or a third party system.
In 2009, Satoshi introduces Bitcoin which became the first decentralized cryptocurrency.
To prevent problems such as double spending, bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public
ledger using blockchain technology so everyone in the world can verify who gets paid first.
Each transaction is seen as a case-sensitive address which anyone can generate in order
to receive the coins.
So how are these coins created?
Out of thin air?
Yes, exactly!
Bitcoins are generated by a competitive and decentralized process called "mining".
Miners, which are also Bitcoin users, verify each transactions by solving advance mathematical
equation using computing power.
By solving each equation, they themselves are awarded some coins in the process.
The uses of these coins such as Bitcoins include cheap international transfer, micropayments
and even payments in some retail stores around the world.
Today, there are many Bitcoin alternative coins called altcoins.
Most altcoins hope to either replace or improve upon Bitcoin or even with each other.
Altcoins can vary widely from each other and each altcoin promises features such as faster
transaction speed, more secure privacy, proof-of-stake and many more.
Of course, with all the benefits on the table, there are disadvantages to using cryptocurrencies
as well.
There are higher risk and volatility in the market due to its lack of widespread adoption.
Due to its anonymity, it is a powerful tool for financing crime.
Lastly, online cryptocurrency exchanges are still susceptible to technical glitches and
cyber attack which can deeply affect the value of the coins.
Overall, cryptocurrencies still have a long way to go before they can replace today's
form of money and be truly accepted in the global commerce.
Only time will tell when the rest of the world is ready to accept cryptocurrencies as the
everyday means of payment.
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