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Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer - Duration: 6:31.
--Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy (chemo) is the use of drugs to
treat cancer.
Most often, chemo is a systemic treatment − the drugs are given in a way that lets
them enter the bloodstream and reach all areas of the body.
Systemic chemo can be useful for cancers that have metastasized (spread).
Most of the time, systemic chemo uses drugs that are injected into a vein (IV) or given
by mouth.
For some cases of ovarian cancer, chemotherapy may also be injected through a catheter (thin
tube) directly into the abdominal cavity.
This is called intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy.
Drugs given this way are also absorbed into the bloodstream, so IP chemotherapy is also
a type of systemic chemo.
This is discussed in more detail later in this section.
--Chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer Chemo for ovarian cancer is most often a combination
of 2 or more drugs, given IV every 3- to 4-weeks.
Giving combinations of drugs rather than just one drug alone seems to be more effective
in the initial treatment of ovarian cancer.
The standard approach is the combination of a platinum compound, such as cisplatin or
carboplatin, and a taxane, such as paclitaxel (Taxol®) or docetaxel (Taxotere®).
For IV chemotherapy, most doctors favor carboplatin over cisplatin because it has fewer side effects
and is just as effective.
The typical course of chemo for epithelial ovarian cancer involves 3 to 6 cycles.
A cycle is a schedule of regular doses of a drug, followed by a rest period.
Different drugs have varying cycles; your doctor will let you know what schedule planned
for your chemo.
Epithelial ovarian cancer often shrinks or even seems to go away with chemo, but the
cancer cells may eventually begin to grow again.
Epithelial ovarian cancer often shrinks or even seems to go away with chemo, but the
cancer cells may eventually begin to grow again.
If the first chemo seemed to work well and the cancer stayed away for a long time (at
least 6 to 12 months) it can be treated with additional cycles of
the same chemotherapy used the first time.
In some cases, different drugs may be used.
Some of the other chemo drugs that are helpful in treating ovarian cancer include (in alphabetical
order): Albumin bound paclitaxel - Altretamine (Hexalen®)
- Capecitabine (Xeloda®) - Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®)
Etoposide (VP-16) - Gemcitabine (Gemzar®) - Ifosfamide (Ifex®) - Irinotecan (CPT-11,
Camptosar®) - Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) Melphalan - Pemetrexed (Alimta®) - Topotecan
- Vinorelbine (Navelbine®) The different drug combinations used to treat
germ cell tumors are described later on in the section Treatment for Germ Cell Tumors
of the Ovary.
Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells but also damage some normal cells.
Therefore, your doctor will be careful to avoid or minimize side effects, which depend
on the type of drugs, the amount taken, and the length of treatment.
Chemotherapy can damage the blood-producing cells of the bone marrow, so patients may
have low blood cell counts.
This can result in: Increased chance of infection (caused by a
shortage of white blood cells) - Bleeding or bruising after minor cuts or injuries (caused
by a shortage of blood platelets) - Fatigue (caused by low red blood cell counts)
Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.
Hair will grow back after treatment ends, although it may look different.
There are remedies for many of the temporary side effects of chemotherapy.
For example, drugs can be given to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting.
For more information about chemotherapy and its side effects
Some chemo drugs may have long-term or even permanent side effects.
For example, cisplatin can cause kidney damage.
To help prevent this, doctors give lots of IV fluid before and after this drug is given.
Both cisplatin and the taxanes can cause nerve damage (called neuropathy).
This can lead to problems with numbness, tingling, or even pain in the hands and feet.
Cisplatin can also damage the nerves to the ear, which can lead to hearing loss (called
ototoxicity).
Other drugs can have other side effects, so ask your doctor what side effects to expect
from the drugs that you will receive.
Most side effects improve once treatment is stopped, but some can last a long time and
may never go away completely.
Chemo can also cause early menopause and infertility (inability to become pregnant), which may
be permanent.
This is rarely an issue in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, since most women
have both ovaries removed as a part of treatment.
Rarely, some chemo drugs can permanently damage bone marrow.
This can later cause a bone marrow cancer such as myelodysplastic syndrome or even acute
myeloid leukemia.
This is called a secondary malignancy.
Your health care team knows which drugs can cause this problem and will discuss this possibility
with you.
Their positive effects against ovarian cancer offset the small chance that any of these
drugs will cause another cancer.
links http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ovarian-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy
https://www.cancer.org/
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