In 2013, there was one of the biggest picks for deportations
2012 and 2013, President Obama had deported close to two million people
so while that was happening, my dad was one of the people who got into the deportation process
after that, many families started Facebooking me, letting me know
"Hey, my dad is also in deportation proceedings, what can we do?"
So we run a big campaign, and we were part of the Not 1 More campaign where were were
trying to let people know President Obama who run saying that in the first 100 days
he was going to deliver immigration reform
He didn't deliver that, and he only delivered many, many deportations
We had had four individuals who had locked themselves up at ICE to let them know
"Hey this is inhumane, you shouldn't be deporting people"
They actually took away a bus, we didn't know who was in that bus
We just knew that it was undocumented immigrants that were getting ready to get deported
So the whole community started arriving with posters and we were able to stop that bus
At that moment the police didn't know what to do
But I just remember at that time that I just fell on my knees
and I was praying and I was holding the poster
And I was seeing the officer and I was seeing all these people who were chained up in shackles
Luckily because of our direct action we were able to meet a man who was in chains inside
of that bus
The next day he was let go, his name was Marco Antonio, and he was telling us he had three children
two sons and one daughter
He was detained by a sheriff, and he asked him for his papers and that's how he got into
deportation proceedings.
Part of the work that we do at Aliento is doing community workshops through art
We put families in groups
We have children as little as five years old to like twelve, and then youth and then adults
And through art they are able to express their fears and anxieties and also their hopes
and one of the most transformative experiences for me was when we did a workshop with children
who were five to ten years old
and we were talking about who were the people that they need
and most of them drew pictures and painted pictures of their parents who were detained
And really able to see like a six year old explaining the photograph that he pretty much painted
and he was saying yes this is police
and they took away my mom and they took her to immigration
And knowing that our children are growing up like that with such a heavy trauma and
things that don't need to happen
I can't really comprehend it or articulate it in words, because I can tell you theoretically
but when you're there with the kids and you're seeing these paintings
and so much pain that they have
You can't forget to think about what is the future, and what is the present we're
putting in front of them
And I also think about how later on, I told them, it's like, can you imagine what it
would be
A world without police, a world without violence, a world without detention centers
And they painted beautiful portraits of community with a lot of hearts and shining stars, and
all their loved ones were together
We as a community, we as a nation have a responsibility to be protecting one another to be protecting
The human dignity to be able to recognize that when injustices are being done to our
neighbors to our co-workers
It's affecting our communities, it's affecting the way that we relate to one another
its impacting the way we make policies and laws that we make systems that continue to
oppress a specific group of people, while others strive
For more infomation >> Resistance Maricopa: Reyna Montoya - Duration: 4:11.-------------------------------------------
Anything But Books tag [CC] - Duration: 5:18.
Hey guys, it's Kirsti, welcome back to
my channel. Today I'm going to be doing
the Anything but Books tag because
everybody seems to be doing this one at
the moment, so why should I be any
different? This tag was created by Read
or Rot, and I will leave a link to her
original video down in the description
below. Question number one: name a cartoon
or cartoons that you love. I have a
confession to make, you guys. I don't like
cartoons. Like, at all. I loved The Simpsons
when I was in high school, but I didn't
like Disney as a kid, I wasn't really
interested in animated stuff as a kid, I
far preferred watching like Indiana
Jones and stuff like that. I just...I was
never really that keen on animated
anything, so I don't think I really have
an answer to this one. Question number
two: what is your favourite song right now?
I don't know that it's my favourite so
much as it's the one that's been stuck
in my head for the past four fucking
days and it will not get out no matter
what I do, and that song is Castle on
the Hill by Ed Sheeran. I don't really listen
to Ed Sheeran. I think I have a grand total of,
like, two of his songs on my iPod? I think
that's all. But he played this song on the
Graham Norton show a few weeks ago and
it's been stuck in my head intermittently ever
since. But the past few days it's just
been jammed in there and it will not go
away no matter what I do. So I guess it's
kind of my favourite in that it's
permanently in my brain. Question number
three: what could you do for hours that
isn't reading? Uh, play Lego video games.
I'm really bad at video games. Unless
they are the Lego video games, which are
designed for, like, six year olds. Then I am
fucking amazing and I love them and I
will often do that for entire days at a
time. Question four: what is something you
love to do that your followers might be
surprised by? Sleep. I love to sleep. I
think a lot of you guys think that I
don't sleep because I read so much but I
love love love sleeping. Like, it's my
favourite thing of ever. Question five: what
is your favourite unnecessarily specific
thing to learn about? Probably medical
history. More specifically, like, public
health responses to medical stuff in the
19th century. Like, I just find that really
fascinating. The 19th century saw such
a massive shift in the way that
medicine was handled and in particular
the birth of epidemiology I just find
really intriguing. But, like, any of that
kind of medical
history 19th century public health
response stuff, I'm just... I'm fascinated
by it. Question six: what is something
unusual that you know how to do? I don't
know how unusual it is but I can
tap-dance. Very badly, because I haven't
taken tap in, like, seventeen years. But I
can tap dance. I can also play the
clarinet. Again, probably very badly
because I haven't learnt in 17 years but
in theory I can play the clarinet.
Question seven: name something you've made in
the past year and, like, show us if
possible. Um. I've made a lot of videos? I
made a lot of friends at, like, VidCon and
stuff like that? Question eight: what is
your most recent personal project? I
don't think I have a current personal
project. I don't think I'm really a
project person... Like, any of my sort of
project type things are really to do
with reading, I don't think I have
personal projects outside of that. I
guess my current one is, like, my goal to
work out every day of the school holidays
because none of my clothes fit me
anymore and I really need to start
getting back into exercising again but
it just seems really hard after work so
at the moment I'm like "Well, if I work
out every day during school holidays,
then I'll be back on track when school
starts again and it'll be easier." So, like,
that's a goal more than a project. I
don't know. Does that count? Let's say that counts.
Question nine: tell us something you think
about often, maybe while staring out of
windows. Um. Usually if I'm staring out
the window, i'm thinking about food. Like,
how long is it until lunchtime, what am I
having for dinner, should I have a snack
when I get home. I just... I think about
food a lot. See also: that whole thing
where I need to work out more. Question
ten: give us something that's your
favourite, but make it oddly specific. Not,
like, your favourite food but, like, your
favourite food when you've been studying
for hours and forget to eat. Okay, first
of all? I literally never forget to eat.
That is not a thing that happens to me.
Let's go with my favourite things to
watch when I've had a really really
shitty day/week and I just need things
to be better for a little while. I think
I may have told you guys this before but,
like, it's worth repeating anyway. When I
have a super shitty day or a super shitty
week and everything sucks, there are two
specific things that make life better.
The first is the last episode of
the 2004 BBC adaptation of North and
South. Like, I love that entire miniseries.
But there is just something
about that fourth episode that is
completely wonderful and that I adore
with every fibre of my being and it
somehow makes shitty things less shitty
when you watch that episode. And the
other one I turn to is the season 6
episode of Dawson's Creek, Castaways. The
one where Pacey and Joey get locked in a
Kmart overnight and there is no Dawson
in the entire episode and it is glorious
and they are just adorable little
squishes and I love them together and
everything is perfect for that one 45
minutes of television, everything is
great and I adore it forever. And
question number eleven: say the first thing
that pops into your head. Oh my God, my
fucking foot has gone to sleep so I'm
going to stop talking now so that I can
move. If you want to do this tag, please
consider yourself to be tagged. Thank you
guys for much for watching, I love all your
faces and I will see you on Monday. Bye guys.
-------------------------------------------
Pikachu Storyline in 3 Minutes and MORE Pokémon Cartoons!!! | Video Games In 3 @Arcade Cloud - Duration: 11:46.
This is the story of Pikachu
from the animated Pokemon series "In 3 Minutes".
Let's thunder, smash, or something...
One morning, a ten year old kid named Ash
wakes up late.
The Pokemon lab, run by Professor Oak,
hands out starter Pokemon to trainer enthusiasts.
Desperate to be the world's greatest Pokemon trainer
Ask asks Professor Oak for any Pokemon
to start his journey with.
Oak gives Ash the only Pokemon he has left,
a disobedient Pikachu.
Pikachu refuses to go inside his Pokeball
and zaps Ash at every chance.
Gary, Ash's childhood rival, mocks Ash at every turn
and aims to become the best, first.
Sometime later, a group of Spearow target the wild Pikachu.
Ash defends his Pokemon from the Spearow
and in turn, Pikachu defends Ash from them.
This marks the start of Ash's and Pikachu's friendship.
They start their Pokemon journey in Pewter City.
Ash challenges the Rock-type Gym Leader, Brock,
for the boulder bash.
During the battle, Pikachu's electric attacks
are no match for Brock's Onix.
Ash forfeits and leaves to train.
Later, Ash re-challenges Brock.
Pikachu beats Brock's Geodude, no problem.
Brock sends out Onix, again.
Onix binds Pikachu.
Ash almost forfeits again
but Pikachu's thunder bolt sets off the gym sprinklers
causing super effective water damage on Onix.
Ash still forfeits the match
because he won with an unfair advantage.
But Brock still gives him the Boulder Badge, anyway
for his honesty and sportsmanship.
Along their journey,
Ash and Pikachu are constantly bothered by Team Rocket
who want to steal Ash's Pikachu
to make their own crime-committing Pokemon henchman.
Ash travels to Cerulean City
where he has a gym battle
with the Water-type Gym Leader, Misty.
During their battle, Team Rocket attack the gym.
Ash defeats them and receives his second badge for doing so.
Ash then travels to Vermillion City
where he duals Lieutenant Surge, the leader of Vermillion Gym.
Pikachu meets his match
when Surge's Raichu comes out to the field.
Raichu is too powerful for Pikachu and sends him to the Pokemon Centre.
Ash considers using a Thunderstone to evolve Pikachu into a Raichu
but they both decide that they don't need it to defeat Surge.
Ash returns to Vermillion Gym
and learns that Surge evolved his Pikachu too early.
Because of this, Ash's Pikachu gets the upper hand in agility
and beats Raichu.
Ash finally wins a battle by beating a Gym Leader
and get's the Thunder Badge.
Pikachu goes on to help Ash win his eight Gym Badges.
Ash goes on to enter the Indigo Plateau Conference,
the Pokemon General Championship Competition.
Ash meets Gary, who is also competing in the tournament.
Gary loses to a Nidoking and drops out of the competition.
Ash goes on and makes it to the top sixteen.
Using what they learnt from their time in the competition
Ash and Pikachu work even harder to become the best there ever was.
Ash and Pikachu's pursuit
takes them through Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova,
Kalos, and Alola.
Along the way, Ash and Pikachu fight and capture new Pokemon,
make new friends, battle Gym Leaders
to cement their legacy in the Pokemon Stadium,
fend of the region's growing crime organisation problem,
stop Team Rocket's attempts at serial kidnapping,
and unlock the secrets of legendary Pokemon
that lay dormant throughout the land,
but not Arcanine, for some reason.
And that's the story of Pikachu in three minutes.
-------------------------------------------
Sogyal Rinpoche ~ Buddhism is a science of mind - Duration: 6:33.
Now we come to actually the main teaching.
You know, I've said this always:
The essence of the teaching of the Buddha— I remember my master Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche,
a great master, he often used to say: The entire teaching of Buddha is summed up
in the one statement by Buddha, which says "rang gi sem ni yong su dül". Rang means "oneself",
that's Tibetan by the way, OK.
Rang means "oneself", sem means "mind" or "heart", yong su means "thoroughly", dül
is "to tame" or "conquer", "to subjugate".
Because there are many baser aspects that need subjugating, conquering, and more friendly
term will be "transform".
That's why the Dalai Lama often says, especially recently he's been saying: What
is Buddhism?
Simply, Buddhism is about transforming the mind.
In fact, the appeal or the contribution of Buddhism,
I'm not teaching Buddhist religion.
There is Buddhist religion, Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist science and Buddhist ethics and Buddhist
way of life.
In many ways, to put it simply, what Buddhism is is a science of mind.
Got it? And a way of life.
I remember when going with Dudjom Rinpoche in America in 1976, the early days, met many
like you know, great people like Ram Dass, Allen Ginsberg and John Giorno,
all these very famous poets.
And many of them were saying, you know, that we have no history of Buddhism,
it's something new. But what's amazing is, when we met the teachings, when we heard
the teachings, something drew us to them. When they met the teachings, heard the teachings,
it really spoke to them.
Because there was an awakening in America, in the world, with the hippie movement, psychedelic,
there was an awakening.
People were rebelling from the way of the establishment.
And so in that, in that awakening, what Buddhism taught was really answers that people
were seeking from the depth of heart.
It resonated with them deeply.
So very much they took to that anyway.
So in some ways, Buddhism speaks to the heart of one's spiritual quest. I'm not teaching religion.
Therefore don't be scared.
I'm not teaching Buddhist dogma.
I'm teaching Buddhist science, science of mind.
Actually, what was happening, when the West was developing material technology, the
best Tibetan minds, in the laboratory of the Himalayas, were researching in the science
of mind, which is as precise as the science, incredibly rich.
Tibet in some ways, the population is quite small, but the minds that it produced, in
terms of literature, it's just mind-blowing, incredible, some of the works of these great
masters.
They were not just spiritual teachers, or you know, but their work, their art,
their—I mean incredible, amazing.
That's why Tibet represents a very, very precious culture which the world very much needs.
Anyway, they have developed the science of mind.
So, particularly now, in this modern time, when we have developed kind of material
progress—but yet we are not happy.
We're always searching.
Our biggest suffering is mental suffering. And in this respect that the one [thing] that
is the uniqueness of the Buddhism in general, and in particular Tibetan Buddhism, is an
incredible understanding of the mind and its true nature.
So that's why beginning with, as Buddha said: "The essence of Buddha's teaching
is, is to tame, to transform, to conquer this mind of ours."
So therefore the main thing is to transform, to transform this mind, because the mind is
the root of everything.
In Tibetan, it's called kunjé gyalpo, 'mind is the universal ordering principle',
is the creator of happiness, creator of suffering.
Creator of what we call nirvana, creator of what we call samsara is the mind.
When you say 'mind', Tibetan masters always touch the heart.
Mind and heart are the same.
There's a brain, but the mind and heart are the same.
Clear?
Mind is the universal ordering principle.
Most important is the mind.
We've got body, we've got speech, we've got mind.
Of these three things, which is the most important?
The mind or the heart.
In fact, body and speech are merely subservient to the mind.
Mind is the boss.
Mind is the universe, is the creator of happiness, and creator of suffering.
-------------------------------------------
Surgeon Simulator TWO FOR ONE BRAIN + EYES Transplant Funny Moments - Duration: 6:33.
hey welcome back now I know I know you
might be like heart kidney does are
pretty close but brain transplants I
don't think so well you know after
christmas new years my wife leaving me
with a new boyfriend and taking all my
money I am several levels beyond
financially but so I gotta work the ex
route you gotta do what you gotta do am
i right but on the other hand Bob here
what Fergus has read transplants in like
two weeks and I mean every time the
nurse was coming to my office and be
like oh my god dr. we have an emergency
transplant the patient in science and
I'm like is it Bob again she's like yeah
you think that after all the times I
saved his life I mean granted I did kill
him much more than that but after all
that you think he'd give me a tip or
something at least but no more progress
richest part and also an ungrateful
prick you know Bob is the new year so no
organ failures how about that for a new
year's resolution all right okay just
broke your skull in the pieces I don't
know if he's actually going to be able
to use that again please stop we're
going you're making this much harder bro
ok now let's stop the bleeding right in
the eye that is good and now give me
that stupid rotten brain of yours oh my
god i broke my ending got up oh no never
mind it's fine now give me that rotten
breath all right dad Gus in but at least
it's out let me just get you a new on
can he work with two brains I mean
that'd be pretty cool just don't drop it
yep it is sideways but think it's gonna
work no I can't put two brains I got
damn it good don't stop I mean you don't
even need it doesn't matter and let's
just cut that come on there we go if
you're going to fix itself because I do
not want to touch it it looks very very
sensitive come on well guess i'm going
to have to and i broke my finger now
okay oh he's alive that was pretty fun
but you know what since its new years
and all
we're going to do two operations in this
episode perform an eye transplant whoa
that is going to be interesting okay
what the hell why does he have goggles
if I want to take off its breaking on
just give me the goggles no not the
respirator the goggles no way do I
really have to break him off oh my i am
going to end up snapping his neck whoa
what the hell please don't tell me that
was here all the time and my demise
doesn't see it god damn it can I use
this to cut up the goggles please I mean
it's going to hurt but okay that is
right on his face all right goggles are
off ladies and gentlemen now on to the
eye okay what the hell do I do now hey
pup you want blue ones or the brown one
i think i'm going to give you both
you're going to look pretty like that Oh
what is this is this something I have to
use no way do I gotta do that to take
his eyes off well I guess take a bite
your eyebrows Bob oh my God look at that
you look beautiful like freaking hit man
can I use stencils to get it out I mean
I am clueless here might as well try
everything okay a pen will do know that
does not freaking work neither does the
laser cut it is only killing you look
had that blood going down bro all right
you know what the drill is the only
viable option left here so might as well
go for it Oh does not seem to be working
so you know what what I'm going to do is
go back to my medical books okay the
internet and see why I gotta do I'll be
back in a sec I am back from consulting
my magical books I have figured it out
but let me tell you it is not pretty
okay first off let me just punch the
shit out of them to take the goggles off
come on give them to me Bob given to me
they don't even look good on you okay
so that way and okay he is bleeding but
that is fine good you're gonna bleed
even more trust me and now to the
disgusting part yep there it is you have
to wedge it deep in there and fucking
pull it out that's how fucked up it is I
am so sorry did there we go that is the
second one oh my god this is fucking
awesome yeah shit come on there we go
okay next up we have to bash him in the
head with this box this little girl dude
just let it okay now you know o clock
and help that is gross that is so gross
please don't make it any grosser stop
moving thank you okay that is one out
okay quietly dude who it is over hold on
let me just stop the bleeding real quick
none and then I need to sign it no don't
okay you know what fuck the bleeding we
aren't doing this without it you mean
those freaking eyes did okay I got one
okay there we go you finally grabbed it
just oh god this is hard this is going
to be a close one come on no just just
get in there get get are you in okay I
thank you it and let me just get another
one
Bob only make you unique I want to make
you stand out ugly but still unique i'm
going to give you this read you please
just lift your fucking head up and not
all okay he almost bled out well we're
going to see what laughter does that I'm
not going to be able to unsee this
operation hi my name is ray I meant this
piece of shit also made this other piece
of shit and if you two hate lizards and
subscribe to this channel because fuck
them okay bye boo boos
-------------------------------------------
0030 - Duration: 7:53.
For more infomation >> 0030 - Duration: 7:53. -------------------------------------------
The Establishment Has Already Acknowledged a Lost Race of Giants - Duration: 28:46.
The
Establishment Has Already Acknowledged a Lost Race of Giants
By Jason Jarrell and Sarah Farmer
One of the most controversial subjects regarding the ancient prehistoric cultures of North
America concerns what we refer to as the Unique Physical Types (UPT). For the purposes of
what follows, these UPT are often gigantic humanoid skeletons with hyper elongated or
high-vaulted crania, occasional extra or pathological detentions (including several reports of double
or triple rows of teeth), and are usually discovered in the burial mounds and associated
graveyards of the Adena-Hopewell, Archaic Cultures, and Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
It is common today for alternative history researchers to tell the story of how these
beings were discovered en masse throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Historians,
antiquarians, and archaeologists recorded the discovery of the Unique Physical Types
all over the United States, with a large concentration found in the mounds and earthworks of the
Ohio River Valley and along the Mississippi River. These accounts can be found in any
number of county, township, and state histories, as well as anthropological literature from
both inside and outside of the Smithsonian Institution. Here are several examples:
Kentucky: �From a mound on the farm of Edin Burrowes, near Franklin, were exhumed, in
May, 1841, at a depth of over 12 feet, several human skeletons. One, of extraordinary dimensions,
was found between what appeared to have been two logs, covered with a wooden slab. Many
of the bones were entire. The under jaw-bone was large enough to fit over the jaw, flesh
and all, of any common man of the present day. The thigh-bones were full six inches
longer than those of any man in Simpson County. Teeth, arms, ribs, and all, gave evidence
of a giant of a former race�. (History of Kentucky, Lewis Collins)
Jo Daviess County, Illinois: �The mounds on the bluff have nearly all been opened within
the last two or three years�In all that have been opened the excavators have found
in the center a pit that was evidently dug about two and a half feet below the original
surface of the ground�The bones in this pit indicate a race of gigantic stature, buried
in a sitting posture around the sides of the pit, with legs extending toward the center�.
(The History of Joe Daviess County)
�Near the original surface, 10 or 12 feet from the center (of the mound), on the lower
side, lying at full length upon its back, was one of the largest skeletons discovered
by the Bureau agents, the length as proved by actual measurement being between 7 and
8 feet. It was all clearly traceable�� (12th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology)
Kanawha Valley, West Virginia: �No 11 is now 35 by 40 feet at the base and 4 feet high.
In the center, 3 feet below the surface, was a vault 8 feet long and 3 feet wide. In the
bottom of this, among the decayed fragments of bark wrappings, lay a skeleton fully 7
feet long, extended at full length on the back, head west�. Nineteen feet from the
top�in the remains of a bark coffin, a skeleton, measuring 7.5 feet in length and 19 inches
across the shoulders, was discovered�. (12thAnnual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology)
�Within the village of Brownstown, ten miles above Charleston and just below the mouth
of Lens creek, is another such ancient burying ground�At Brownstown, not long since, two
skeletons were found together, one a huge frame about seven feet in length and the other
about four feet, a dwarf and deformed�. (History of the Great Kanawha Valley)
Mounds in Dunbar and South Charleston recorded by the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1884
Florida: �Pursuing my investigations, and excavating further toward the south east face
of the mound, I came upon the largest stone ax I have ever seen or that had ever been
found in this section of the country. Close to it was the largest and most perfect cranium
of the mound�Near by the side of this skull were the right femoris, the tibia, the humerus,
and part of the radius, with a portion of the pelvis directly under the skull�Anticipating
a perfect specimen in this skull, I was doomed to disappointment, for, after taking it out
of the earth and setting it up, so that I could view the fleshless face of this gigantic
savage, in the space of two hours it crumbled to pieces, except small portions. According
to measurement of the bones of this skeleton, its height must have been quite 7 feet�.
(Annual Report of the Boards of Regents of the Smithsonian)
Digital sketch, ancient Florida giant. Digital sketch, ancient Florida giant. Image
courtesy of Marcia K. Moore, Ciamar Studio. Louisiana: �In the same line of abnormality
was the finding of one skull in which the detention reached the unusual number of forty
teeth, the increase consisting of eight additional incisors�The formation of the skull found
in the Larto mound, as compared with those of other localities, is highly anomalous�The
anomaly in these cases cannot be ascribed to artificial disfiguration, for, were it
such, the otherwise symmetrical development of the other parts would be impossible�their
remarkable conformation could not possibly have been the result of bandages or other
external appliances, but was undoubtedly congenital�. (Publication of the Louisiana Historical Society)
Etowah Mound Group: �Grave A, a stone sepulcher, 2.5 feet wide, 8 feet long, and 2 feet deep,
was formed by placing steatite slabs on edge at the sides and ends, and others across the
top. The bottom consisted simply of earth hardened by fire. It contained the remains
of a single skeleton, lying on its back, with the head east. The frame was heavy and 7 feet
long�. (12th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology)
These examples represent the various anomalous features of the Unique Physical Types, which
were encountered in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spatially and culturally, they
illustrate the extensive temporal and geographical range of these types. The Kanawha Valley Mound
Builders left their remains in an area where some of the oldest Fayette Thick Adena Pottery
and diverse types of mound construction have been found. It has recently been suggested
that sites in West Virginia may push the �acceptable� beginning of the Early Woodland Period back
to 1400-1300 BC.
The samples from Illinois come from a region where Archaic era mounds have been found,
often with Hopewell Mounds built over and into them hundreds or thousands of years later,
as in the case of Elizabeth Mound 1 and Peter Klunk Mound 7. The Etowah Mound (Mound C)
is ascribed to the Mississippian Cult, dated to 950-1450 AD.
Ancient mounds and monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Originally published in William Cullen
Bryant and Sydney Howard Gay Ancient mounds and monuments of the Mississippi
Valley. Originally published in William Cullen Bryant and Sydney Howard Gay, A Popular History
of the United States, Vol I (1888), p. 24. (Wikimedia Commons)
After the Government and Philanthropies took over American Archaeology in the 1900s, the
establishment undertook the policy of flatly denying the existence of anomalous remains.
The actual beginning point for the revisionist tendency in the National Museum was very early.
By 1851, E G Squier was working to debunk theories of pre-Columbian contact, and several
decades later, Gerald Fowke would attempt to discredit and jettison the work of virtually
every researcher in the field up to his day, including the skeletal measurements of his
fellow agents in the Bureau of Ethnology. However, the denial of the Unique Types truly
got underway during the reign of Ales Hrdlicka as the Curator of Anthropology at the Smithsonian
(circa 1903).
"Ales hrdlicka" by Unknown - Archive Museum of Ale� Hrdlicka in Humpolec.
�Ales hrdlicka� by Unknown � Archive Museum of Ale� Hrdlicka in Humpolec. Licensed
under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons Hrdlicka seems to have made a hobby of constantly
disparaging the notion that anomalous skeletons were ever found. This was done in scholarly
works as well as public venues:
And the �giant� and �eight-foot� skeleton is to this day the almost stereotyped feature
of many an amateur report of a find of skeletal remains in Florida as well as other parts
of the country. All these reports�it may be said once and for all, are exaggerations.
Dr Hrdlicka blames the �will to believe� of amateur anthropologists for many reports
of �discoveries� which find their way to his office with monotonous frequency�the
purported �finds� describe a race of ancient giants between 7 and 8 feet tall with bones
and jaws considerably larger than those living today�Next to human �giants� Dr. Hrdlicka
reports, fancy finds its sway with human �dwarfs�.
Interestingly, Hrdlicka�s name appears in several reports of discoveries of gigantic
skeletons during his tenure at the American Museum:
The skeletons of these Hitherto Unknown American Aborigines Showed They All Ranged in Height
from Six and One-Half to Seven Feet�Excavating in the sand dunes of the sun-sprayed Golden
Isles, Georgia, archaeologists have gouged out the strange record of an amazing prehistoric
race of giants�What manner of men were these, the members of whose tribe all averaged six
and one-half and seven feet tall?�Some of the first skulls to be disinterred by Preston
Holder have already been examined at the Smithsonian Institute by Dr Ales Hrdlicka, foremost authority
on North American Types.
Currently there are a slew of books, DVDs and even at least one TV show documenting
the exploits of modern hunters who are �on the trail� of the anomalous dead, who insist
that if at least one of these skeletons could be found and presented to the �experts�
it would somehow alter the professed paradigm of the establishment itself. However, as we
will demonstrate in part 2, the �experts� have already rediscovered, photographed, and
measured these types of remains.
Part 2
Illustration from "Mundus subterraneus" - suggesting that fossil bones were from giants
Illustration from �Mundus subterraneus� � suggesting that fossil bones were from
giants (Wikimedia Commons). Following our overview of discoveries of gigantic
humanoid skeletons in the burial mounds and associated graveyards of the Adena-Hopewell,
Archaic Cultures, and Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, we will now document the discovery
of the Unique Physical Types (UPT) even after the institution of the mainstream policy of
denial, or �post cover-up�.
The two pre-eminent Adena scholars of the twentieth century were William S Webb (assisted
by Charles Snow of the University of Kentucky) and Don Dragoo, of the Carnegie Museum. When
Webb excavated the Dover Mound in Mason Co, Kentucky, he encountered a group burial of
4 skeletons, one of which represented the Unique Physical Type:
�The remains of burial 40 is one of the largest known to Adena; the skull-foot field
measurement is 84 inches (7 feet).� (The Dover Mound, William S Webb and Charles Snow
1959)
The Burial Census Table mentions that this skeleton had a �very thick� skull and
represented the �tallest Adena male� from the mound. For other burials in the Dover
Mound the Table includes such details as �prominent bilateral chin�, �rugged head and face,
wide bilateral chin� and �High Vaulted, large-faced�. (Webb and Snow, 1959)
Following our overview of discoveries of gigantic humanoid skeletons in the burial mounds and
associated graveyards of the Adena-Hopewell, Archaic Cultures, and Southeastern Ceremonial
Complex, we will now document the discovery of the Unique Physical Types (UPT) even after
the institution of the mainstream policy of denial, or �post cover-up�.
The two pre-eminent Adena scholars of the twentieth century were William S Webb (assisted
by Charles Snow of the University of Kentucky) and Don Dragoo, of the Carnegie Museum. When
Webb excavated the Dover Mound in Mason Co, Kentucky, he encountered a group burial of
4 skeletons, one of which represented the Unique Physical Type:
�The remains of burial 40 is one of the largest known to Adena; the skull-foot field
measurement is 84 inches (7 feet).� (The Dover Mound, William S Webb and Charles Snow
1959)
The Burial Census Table mentions that this skeleton had a �very thick� skull and
represented the �tallest Adena male� from the mound. For other burials in the Dover
Mound the Table includes such details as �prominent bilateral chin�, �rugged head and face,
wide bilateral chin� and �High Vaulted, large-faced�. (Webb and Snow, 1959)
Webb and Snow also noted the large crania of the Adena, which they partly attributed
to head-boarding:
�Not only do the Dover people show the results of head shaping (deformation), but they exceed
the total Kentucky series in the great width and height of the skull vault!�it is to
be noted that the head shaping�has been extreme in these skulls�These people as
a group�have the highest skull vaults reported anywhere in the world.� (Webb and Snow,
1959)
Artist�s reconstruction of the high skull vaults reported in descriptions of North American
giants. Artist�s reconstruction of the high skull
vaults reported in descriptions of North American giants. Image courtesy of Marcia K. Moore,
Ciamar Studio. Another feature of the UPTs documented by
Webb and Snow is the massive lower jaw:
�One of the outstanding and un-Indian traits present among the Adena people is their prominent
and often bilateral chins�One of the skulls from the Dover Mound, Burial 25�represents
a bilateral chin with a width of 52 mm.� (Webb and Snow, 1959)
�One of the particular features present in at least one-half of the observed examples
is the great width of the bony chin, formed by bilateral eminences rarely found among
the skulls of the much earlier Shell Heap People or among the later Hopewell People.�
(The Adena People, No 2, by Webb and Baby).
Besides the large skeletal type, Snow noted the discovery of the �Dwarf� type mentioned
in early literature in his observations of the famous Adena pipe from Ross County, Ohio:
�Further evidence of abnormal Adena individuals is portrayed in a remarkable piece of sculpture
in the round-the Adena Pipe figurine�The figure depicted is typical of this form of
dwarfism.� (The Adena People, No 2, by Webb and Baby.)
The Adena Pipe. His head and torso are large in comparison to his legs, suggesting to some
that he represents a dwarf. The Adena Pipe. His head and torso are large
in comparison to his legs, suggesting to some that he represents a dwarf. (Photo courtesy
of the Ohio Historical Society) The text references the excavation of one
of these individuals at Waverly, Ohio. The following description of this burial is from
Gerald Fowke:
��a skeleton of peculiar form. It was not over five feet long, but the bones were
very thick and the processes for attachment of muscles were extraordinary in their development.
The skull was nearly half an inch thick and of unusual size, mostly back of the ears,
though the forehead was full and high. The teeth were large, hard, and but little worn�.
(The Archaeological History of Ohio, by Gerald Fowke, page 372.)
In 1958, Don Dragoo encountered the large Adena type while excavating the Cresap Mound
in West Virginia on behalf of the Carnegie Museum. In a subfloor tomb he unearthed Burial
54:
�This individual was of large proportions. When measured in the tomb his length was approximately
7.04 feet. All the long bones were heavy and possessed marked eminences for the attachment
of muscles.� (Mounds for the Dead, by Don Dragoo, 1963).
A burial mound of the Adena Culture. Grave Creek Mound in Moundsville, West Virginia
A burial mound of the Adena Culture. Grave Creek Mound in Moundsville, West Virginia
(Wikimedia Commons) This discovery, as well as a review of Webb�s
earlier work at the Dover Mound, influenced Dragoo�s remarkable observations on Adena
anthropology:
�Two outstanding traits have been noted repeatedly for this group. One is the protruding
and massive chin often with prominent bilateral protrusions. The second trait is the large
size of many of the males and some of the females. A male of six feet was common and
some individuals approaching seven feet in height have been found, for example, Burial
40 in the Dover Mound and Burial 54 in the Cresap Mound. Some of the females in the Dover
Mound also were more than six feet in height. Not only were these Adena people tall but
also the massiveness of the bones indicates powerfully built individuals. The head was
generally big with a large cranial capacity�. (Mounds for the Dead, by Don Dragoo, 1963).
To Webb, Snow, and Dragoo, the evidence clearly pointed towards the existence of a group of
genetically related elites within the Adena sphere who shared the UPT traits. The true
number of these individuals had been obfuscated by the common practice of cremation:
�If, as the evidence seems to indicate, the burials in the tombs were those of a selected
group such factors would have undoubtedly been of importance not only in the development
of the prominent chin but also in the large stature. If only certain inbreeding individuals
of the total population were members of the �selected group�, genetic factors would
also have played an important part in the establishment of the unique Adena physical
type�How wide-spread throughout the entire Adena population were the unique traits of
the tomb burials is unknown but Snow�s study of the cremated remains from the Dover Mound
indicated that at least some of the individuals among these cremated remains also possessed
the unique traits of the flesh burials in the tombs. Because of the common practice
of cremating most of the dead, we will probably never be able to determine the full extent
of these special traits in the general population.� (Mounds for the Dead, by Don Dragoo, 1963).
The emerging picture is of an elite race within Late Archaic/Early Woodland societies who
were often buried in the mounds, and who represented a type of �royalty�. Among these interrelated
groups were UPTs. This elitism is further evidenced by the presence of extensive child
and infant burials in the tombs, often accompanied by the same exotic goods as the adults including
shell beads and copper rings. Also, dental and bone anomalies have been used to establish
a genetic connection between individuals at mound sites.
Gigantic discoveries are often challenged with the generic statement that average Adena
were between 5�6�� and 5�11�� feet tall, but this argument is a conjecture
of half-truth disguised as science. We are not concerned with the �average� stature
of the Adena populace, but rather the irregular characteristics (and often abnormally tall
stature) of their elite.
Skeletons of a male giant and a female dwarf, displayed at the Royal College of Surgeons.
Skeletons of a male giant and a female dwarf, displayed at the Royal College of Surgeons.
(Wikimedia Commons) Besides the professional literature, so-called
�amateur� archaeologists have also chronicled conclusive evidence of Unique Physical Types
with a great consistency to the discoveries of Dragoo and Webb. In 1908, Louis Welles
Murray recorded that at Tioga Point in Pennsylvania, remains of �a skeleton of a man six or more
feet in height� beneath a cist-like grave were found. The grave itself was encased and
moved to the local museum where the bones were studied by hundreds of people. Other
skeletons from this same area �were of unusual size; one, judged from the length of thigh
bone, to be seven feet.� (A History of Old Tioga Point and Early Athens, Pennsylvania,
by Louis Welles Murray.)
In addition to these, Murray documents the examination of a large skeleton by a Professor
Holbrooke:
�Judging by the thigh bone he must have been seven feet tall. The skull was much larger
than usual, very thick, the forehead unusually receding, the top flattened. The jaws were
extremely strong, full of large, perfect teeth.� (A History of Old Tioga Point and Early Athens,
Pennsylvania, by Louis Welles Murray.)
Following the discovery of burials in her own flower garden, Murray embarked on an archaeological
odyssey of her own. In 1921, she published an article for the American Anthropologist,
noting that the femur, jaw, and teeth of one of the seven-foot skeletons was then still
in the Tioga Point Museum. Also included are references to many skeletons between 6 and
7 feet tall, with photographs of artifacts, pottery, and the in situ burial of one of
the �above 6ft� burials. The article also features a photograph of the �Paul Scott
Collection�, described as �a multiplicity of small artifacts, suggesting a race of pygmies�
which included a �miniature amulet and sinker stones.� (Aboriginal Sites In And Near �Teaoga�,
in American Anthropologist 23(2) 1921).
Regardless of the disparagement of amateurs, historians, and antiquarians, the credentials
of Webb, Snow, and Dragoo have never been brought into question. With so many researchers
scrambling today to discover irrefutable evidence of gigantic or otherwise anomalous beings
to prove their existence, the authors question why they do not simply present the works of
William S Webb and Don Dragoo to anthropologists, and more importantly, their audiences.
While the concept of a mysterious and undiscovered race may create an air of sensationalism healthy
for selling books and DVDs, we feel that it is of far more relevance to demonstrate that
the Unique Physical Types were discovered by professionals all the way up through the
20th century, even after the institutionalized policy of denial, and yet the establishment
continues to deny their own documented evidence and the truth.
Featured Image: 3d Digital Sculpture of Giant with hair, copper breastplate, and gorget.
Image courtesy of Marcia K. Moore, Ciamar Studio. For more reconstructions of giants,
visit Marcia K. Moore�s website.
References, Part 1
History of Kentucky, Volume 2. Lewis Collins, 1878. Giants appear in the text on pages 107,
653, 654, 666, 683, and 722 https://archive.org/stream/collinshistoricav02coll#page/n7/mode/2up
The History of Joe Daviess County, Illinois, 1878. Reference is page 843 https://archive.org/stream/historyofjodavie00kett#page/844/mode/2up/search/Ancient+Mounds
12th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1891. https://archive.org/stream/annualreportofbu1218901891smit#page/n7/mode/2up
History of the Great Kanawha Valley, by John P Hale, 1891. Reference on page 47.
https://archive.org/stream/historyofgreatka01madi#page/n7/mode/2up
Annual Report of the Boards of Regents of the Smithsonian, 1874. See Antiwuities of
Florida, page 392.
Publications of the Louisiana Historical Society 1896. Mounds of Louisiana, Part 1. Reference
begins on page 20. https://archive.org/stream/publicationslou02socigoog#page/n143/mode/2up
Building Woodland Archaeological Units in The Kanawha River Basin, West Virginia, by
Patrick D Trader, in Woodland Period Systematics in The Middle Ohio Valley, edited by Darlene
Applegate and Robert Mainford, 2005.
For Elizabeth Mound number 1, see The Archaic and Woodland Cemeteries of the Elizabeth Site
in the Lower Illinois Valley edited by Leigh and Buikstra, 1988.
For Peter Klunk Mound 7, see Hopewell and Woodland Site Archaeology in Illinois, Bulletin
6 Illinois Archaeological Survey https://uofi.app.box.com/s/gw2ah1c1wyi602w27umt
Essay attached to Memoir on the European Colonization of America, page 20.
https://archive.org/stream/cihm_42357#page/n23/mode/2up
Archaeological History of Ohio, Gerald Fowke. https://archive.org/stream/cu31924005690155#page/n5/mode/2up
Anthropology of Florida, Ales Hrdlicka 1922. https://archive.org/stream/anthropologyoffl00hrdli#page/n5/mode/2up
Newspaper article discovered in a clipping file by Ross Hamilton, author of A Tradition
of Giants: The Elite Social Hierarchy of American Prehistory.
The Salt Lake Tribune, 8/21/1936, courtesy of the excellent Greater Ancestors website:
http://greaterancestors.com/the-golden-isles-giants/
References, Part 2
The Dover Mound, William S Webb and Charles Snow 1959. The measurement of the giant is
on page 22, the burial census is on pages 29-32, and the dental anomalies are photographed
on page 43.
Mortuary Variability in the Middle Big Darby Drainage of Central Ohio Between 300 BC and
300 AD Volume 1, Bruce Aument.
Ohio Archaeologist, 10 (4), Oct 1960. Article and photograph on pages 140-141.
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/55999/OHIO_ARCHAEOLOGIST_10_4_OCTOBER_1960.pdf?sequence=1
The Adena People, No 2, by Webb and Baby.
The Archaeological History of Ohio, by Gerald Fowke, page 372.
Mounds for the Dead, by Don Dragoo (1963). Burial 54 is measured and described on page
67, and an actual photograph of the skeleton in situ appears on page 50.
A History of Old Tioga Point and Early Athens, Pennsylvania, by Louis Welles Murray. Large
Skeletons appear in the text around page 200. Page 203 features a photo of a large type
in situ.
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