Yt is on video: Waching daily Apr 1 2017

Learn colors with Monster Garage Car Toys - Learning Videos for kids

For more infomation >> Learn colors with Monster Garage Car Toys - Learning Videos for kids - Duration: 11:35.

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UnScape: New Game Mode for RuneScape! - Duration: 2:47.

For more infomation >> UnScape: New Game Mode for RuneScape! - Duration: 2:47.

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Learn Colors with Lollipop Balls for Kids - Colours for children to learn - Duration: 12:45.

Learn Colors with Lollipop Balls for Kids - Colours for children to learn

For more infomation >> Learn Colors with Lollipop Balls for Kids - Colours for children to learn - Duration: 12:45.

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Learn colors with Disney Cars McQueen - Educational Video | Learning Videos for kids - Duration: 16:25.

Learn colors with Disney Cars McQueen - Educational Video | Learning Videos for kids

For more infomation >> Learn colors with Disney Cars McQueen - Educational Video | Learning Videos for kids - Duration: 16:25.

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Mousasi: Pound for Pound - Episode 01 - Duration: 4:23.

Some plants grow well because they have been given a lot of sun.

Other plants because they have been given the richest soil.

There are also plants that will overgrow everything even if you give them nothing.

Keep on going, come on! Nice, take that distance, come on!

Just keep that distance Gegard, Weidman's a wrestler. He wants you to come close distance.

Convince the judges, come on! And you got that liver shot again.

Well done dude. Risk of the game, risk of the game.

Very well Geg, come on.

If there's one guy in the middleweight division that deserves a title shot, it's Gegard Mousasi.

There are people that underestimate him because everything looks so easy.

He looks like he just woke up, he stands like this, he's quiet, he's a nice guy

So the most people think "Oh this guy can not be that tough".

Oh look at Mousasi!

And he's out! -Folks we've got a star!

- He's arrived! The Armenian Assasin!

I think Gegard will be the next middleweight champion.

He's very strong. His striking is strong and his grappling is strong.

I think Gegard's most dangerous weapon is that he can read his opponent.

About winning the title; it's not the strongest guy who wins. Gegard has a very smart way to train.

With small gloves I feel I am even sharper.

Gegard Mousasi's family were refugees.

They came to Holland for a better life so they already went through a whole thing just to come to a different country

and to start building a career right there. You know, he's already much stronger than other guys are.

Well I grew up in Iran, moved to Holland when I was eight.

After one year in refugee camps all over the place, we settled in Leiden, and since then I've been living here.

I live in a farm, I don't have any animals but I have plenty of space, I made my own gym in the garage.

I have plenty of space so it's good, I like it. My mother lives with me.

I'm happy, a happy person, family orientated. My mother does everything unconditionally.

If I have children I will have to do the same. That is something I would do, yes, no problem.

Ok guys in two weeks we will go to six minutes!

I'm 100% sure I am going to succeed in the next fight.

I'm fighting Chris Weidman April 8th in New York, Buffalo.

I see Chris Weidman as a dangerous opponent.

He's good in boxing, very good in wrestling, but Gegard is the most dangerous guy there is.

He's a very hard guy to beat. Equally good on the ground as standing, great at everything

I truly believe he can become the next UFC champion.

I feel I am more skilled than him and I am going to show that. I know people have doubts, but I am very confident.

He's better than ever. Chris Weidman, he will see that.

For more infomation >> Mousasi: Pound for Pound - Episode 01 - Duration: 4:23.

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Learn Colors with Bowling Balls for Children, - Colours w McQueen Cars - Duration: 2:54.

For more infomation >> Learn Colors with Bowling Balls for Children, - Colours w McQueen Cars - Duration: 2:54.

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Candle in the Wind by Gary Drury Unabridged Audio Book - Duration: 1:45:12.

For more infomation >> Candle in the Wind by Gary Drury Unabridged Audio Book - Duration: 1:45:12.

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Learning Animals HD Names And Sounds For Toddlers Learn Wild Animals Names for kids - Duration: 8:17.

Learning Animals HD Names And Sounds For Toddlers Learn Wild Animals Names for kids

For more infomation >> Learning Animals HD Names And Sounds For Toddlers Learn Wild Animals Names for kids - Duration: 8:17.

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'Not going to make it easy for ICE to be disruptive' - Duration: 2:23.

YOU WON'T WANT TO MISS IT, IF

YOU'RE A DUCKS FAN.

SOME CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS

FROM OREGON WANT A LOT TO STOP

FEDERAL AGENTS FROM ARRESTING

IMMIGRANTS IN PLACES LIKE

SCHOOLS AND DOCTORS OFFICES.

REPRESENTATIVES SUZANNE BONAMICI

AND EARL BLUMENAUER WERE IN

PORTLAND TODAY EXPLAINING THE

MEASURE AND HOW THEY PLAN TO WIN

SUPPORT.

OUR LISA BALICK IS LIVE WITH

MORE.

REPORTER: THAT IS ONE OF THE

BUILDINGS, THE COURTHOUSE THAT

THEY WANT I.C.E. TO STAY OUT OF.

THE DEMOCRATIC LAWMAKERS KNOW

IT'S A TOUGH BATTLE TO WIN, BUT

AS CONGRESSMAN BLUMENAUER TOLD

ME TODAY, WE'RE NOT GOING TO

MAKE IT EASY FOR I.C.E. TO BE

DISRUPTIVE IN OUR COMMUNITY.

WHEN WE DEPORT

PEOPLE, THE

NATION NEEDS TO KNOW SOMETIMES

IT IS ISSUES OF LIFE AND DEATH.

REPORTER: PASTOR MARK KNUTSON'S

VOICE SHAKES WITH EMOTION

TALKING ABOUT TRAUMA TO

IMMIGRANTS LIVING IN FEAR A

FAMILY MEMBER MAY BE DEPORTED

AND END UP DEAD IN THEIR HOME

COUNTRY.

ALLAYING THAT FEAR IS ONE REASON

OREGON CONGRESSWOMAN SUZANNE

BONAMICI AND CONGRESSMAN EARL

BLUMENAUER ARE AMONG CO-SPONSORS

OF A BILL TO TRY AND BLOCK

IMMIGRATION OFFICERS FROM MAKING

ARRESTS IN SO CALLED SENSITIVE

LOCATIONS, PLACES LIKE SCHOOLS,

CHURCHES, COURTHOUSES AND

DOCTORS OFFICES.

WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE IF

YOU HAVE I.C.E. OFFICERS OUTSIDE

OF THESE PLACES?

THERE IS A BARRIER UNDER THE

LAW.

WE WANT TO SEND A MESSAGE THAT

I.C.E. NEEDS TO STAY OUT OF

THESE PLACES WHERE WE WANT

PEOPLE TO ACCESS SERVICES,

REPORT CRIMES, GET HEALTH CARE.

REPORTER: EARLIER THIS WEEK,

I.C.E. AGENTS ARRESTED 23

UNDOCUMENTED OREGON

IMMIGRANTS,

MOSTLY WITH CRIMINAL HISTORIES.

FOR MANY, THE CRIME WAS DRUNK

DRIVING.

I ASKED OREGON'S CONGRESSIONAL

MEMBERS HOW THEY EXPECT TO GET

SUPPORT FROM REPUBLICAN

LAWMAKERS FOR THEIR BILL TO

BLOCK I.C.E. ARRESTS.

IT TURNS OUT, IT MAY COME FROM

ECONOMICS, NOT EMPATHY.

WE HAVE A HUGE PRESENCE OF

PEOPLE WHO ARE UNDOCUMENTED IN

THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY.

NOT JUST AGRICULTURE,

CONSTRUCTION.

THIS MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN TERMS

OF OUR BEING ABLE TO DEAL WITH

RECRUITING PEOPLE.

IN SOME CASES WHETHER IT

IS NOT

A LOT OF INTEREST LOCALLY IN

THOSE JOBS.

REPORTER:

CLEARLY, MONEY WILL

TALK.

ESPECIALLY BACK IN WASHINGTON,

D.C.

THAT IS WHERE THE CONGRESSMAN

AND CONGRESSWOMAN ARE HEADED

For more infomation >> 'Not going to make it easy for ICE to be disruptive' - Duration: 2:23.

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Cicilline Calls for Independent Investigation into Russian Interference - Duration: 1:59.

(HE)

NEW AT SIX...

SEEKING IMMUNITY.

A LAWYER FOR FORMER

NATIONAL SECURITY

ADVISER MICHAEL FLYNN

--- IS READY TO TALK TO

CONGRESSIONAL

INVESTIGATORS ---

LOOKING INTO RUSSIAN

INTERFERENCE IN U-S

ELECTIONS.

(MM)

BUT HE WANTS TO BE

CLEARED OF ANY

POTENTIAL PROSECUTION,

FIRST.

TARGET 12 INVESTIGATOR

TIM WHITE ASKED RHODE

ISLAND CONGRESSMAN

DAVID CICILLINE ABOUT

THE DEVELOPMENT

DURING A TAPING OF THIS

WEEK'S NEWSMAKERS

AND JOINS US IN STUDIO

WITH THE

CONGRESSMANS

REACTION.

AS YOU MAY RECALL RESIGNED

AS NATIONAL SECURITY

ADVISER IN FEBRUARY AFTER IT

WAS REVEALED HE WASN'T

COMPLTELEY HONEST WITH

THE VICE PRESIDENT ABOUT

HIS CONVERSATIONS WITH A

RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR.

FORMER NATIONAL SECURITY

ADVISER AND RHODE ISLAND

NATIVE MICHAEL FLYNN IS

SEEKING IMMUNITY BEFORE

TALKING TO INVESTIGATORS

EXAMINING RUSSIA'S

INTERFERENCE IN U-S

ELECTIONS.

IN A STATEMENT HIS ATTORNEY

TELLS CBS NEWS:

"GENERAL FLYNN CERTAINLY

HAS A STORY TO TELL, AND HE

VERY MUCH WANTS TO TELL

IT..." BUT ADDS THAT HE NEEDS

"ASSURANCES AGAINST UNFAIR

PROSECUTION."

White: Should Congress grant him

immunity?

I think before congress does

that he

would have to make a proffer and

tell them what he intends to

with congress and they would

have

to make a determination as to

how

important it is to their

investigation.

CONGRESSMAN DAVID

CICILLINE SAYS THERE NEEDS

TO BE AN INDEPENDENT

INVESTIATION.

I think its important that there

be an

independent prosecutor that

there

be a bipartisan independent

commission like the 9/11

commission to really get to the

bottom of this.

SEEKING IMMUNITY IS NOT

UNUSUAL WHEN WITNESSES

CONSIDER COOPERATING IN AN

INVESTIGATION.

Obviously michael flynn has some

anxiety about his criminal

expoisre

or some liability of some kind i

think

it's not common for someone in

his

position to ask for it

I think what the committees will

want

to know and law enforecment will

want to know is 'what

information do

you have, what do you intend to

share before they will give him

grant of immunity.

PRESIDENT TRUMP TOOK TO

TWITTER THIS MORNING SAYING

FLYNN SHOULD GET IMMUNITY

FROM WHAT HE CALLED A

"WITCH HUNT" INVESTIGATION.

WITH THE TARGET 12

INVESTIGATORS, TIM WHITE,

For more infomation >> Cicilline Calls for Independent Investigation into Russian Interference - Duration: 1:59.

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Sac Republic FC goalie prepares for upcoming season - Duration: 1:53.

OPENER, AS SHE STEPS INTO THE

PENALTY BOX WITH GOALKEEPER.

QWEST WE ARE GEARING UP FOR THE

SEASON HOME OPENER TOMORROW, WE

HAVE THE GOALIE WITH US.

ARE YOU EXCITED?

>> I LOVE PLAYING AT HOME,

ESPECIALLY COMIN OFF THE FIRST

GAME OF THE SEASON BEING

SEATTLE.

WE HAVE ABOUT 12,000 PEOPLE

EXPECTED, I EXPECT ALL OF THE

FANS TO BE AND THERE READ IT.

WE ARE GOING TO GO UP THERE AND

GET THE JOB DONE.

>> TELL US ABOUT THE TEAM THIS

YEAR, THERE IS 20 YEARS OF

EXPERIENCE HERE.

>> IT IS VERY VITAL TO HAVE THAT

EXPERIENCE WITH THE GUYS THAT WE

HAVE.

THE GUYS THAT WE RUNNING, HAVE

THAT EXPERIENC THAT IS HERE.

WE JUST WANT TO SHOW TH GUYS

HERE, ALL OF THE EXPECTATIONS

THAT WE HAVE HAVE A CULTURE.

WE WAN EXCELLENCE, IT IS

NOTHING NEW, THEY KNOW WHAT TO

EXPECT.

>> ORANGE COUNTY ENDED YOUR

SEASON LAST YEAR, WILL THERE BE

SOME REVENGE? >> THAT WAS A

TOUGH LOSS.

BECAUSE YOU'RE COMING OFF OF THE

EIGHT SEED, NOW WE WILL HAVE A

GOOD PERFORMANCE IN THE FIELD.

ARE YOU SURE YOU'RE READY?

>> MORE THAN READY.

I'M GOOD WITH YOU TO THE

TEST.

I HEARD YOU HAVE A WICKED

SHOTS.

NO WAY.

>> A RIGHT, YOU TOLD ME YOU'RE

READY, YOU ARE READY.

For more infomation >> Sac Republic FC goalie prepares for upcoming season - Duration: 1:53.

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Episode 4: Citizens4Earth - Duration: 56:47.

ANNOUNCER: "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD" IS

MADE POSSIBLE BY NSF,

THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,

WHERE DISCOVERIES BEGIN.

ABDALATI: OUR WORLD IS AWASH IN DATA,

POWERING THE ECONOMY AND EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS,

BUT EVERYWHERE, THERE ARE IMPORTANT GAPS

ABOUT LIVING STANDARDS IN RURAL AFRICA

OR TEMPERATURES IN TURBULENT NEARSHORE WATERS.

THAT'S WHERE TECHNICAL INNOVATION

PLUS CITIZEN SCIENCE CAN PLAY A ROLE.

I'M WALEED ABDALATI.

I WORKED FOR NASA FOR MANY YEARS,

USING SATELLITES TO STUDY THE EARTH,

BUT IN THIS SERIES, I'VE MET SURFERS DEDICATED

TO PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

AND BIRDERS WHO PURSUE THEIR PASSIONS

AND AT THE SAME TIME CONTRIBUTE KEY INFORMATION

TO A HUGE BIOLOGICAL DATABASE.

IN THIS EPISODE, A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF CITIZEN SCIENCE,

CAPTURING SEASONAL CHANGE FROM COAST TO COAST

AND GENERATING DATA THAT INFORMS CONSERVATION POLICIES

FOR TREES, BEES, BIRDS, AND BUTTERFLIES.

AS WE SAID WHEN WE BEGAN OUR JOURNEY

THROUGH CITIZEN SCIENCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE,

FOR YEARS YOU'VE WATCHED SCIENCE PROGRAMS ON PUBLIC TELEVISION.

NOW YOU'RE INVITED TO DO SCIENCE.

THE CROWD, THE CLOUD.

[WOMAN SPEAKS FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

[DIFFERENT WOMAN SPEAKS FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

DIFFERENT WOMAN: "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD."

[DIFFERENT WOMAN SPEAKS FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

MAN: "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD."

COMPUTERIZED VOICE: "CITIZENS4EARTH."

WOMAN: JUST BEING OUTDOORS IN THE HABITAT ITSELF,

EVEN WHEN NOTHING'S AROUND,

IT'S JUST BREATHTAKING, YOU KNOW?

ABDALATI: ANGEL AND MARIEL ABREU ARE SERIOUS BIRDERS.

I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO JOIN THEM

IN EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK FOR THE AUDUBON SOCIETY'S

ANNUAL CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT, CBC FOR SHORT.

ABDALATI: I FEEL LIKE I NEED SNOWSHOES HERE.

THE TRICK IS TO KEEP ON MOVING

OR TO HAVE WEBBED FEET OR LONG TOES

LIKE THESE BIRDS HAVE, YOU KNOW?

[LAUGHTER]

MAN: CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS ACTUALLY BEGAN

115 YEARS AGO.

THE TRADITION STARTED AS AN ALTERNATIVE

TO PEOPLE GOING OUT ON CHRISTMAS AND SHOOTING BIRDS.

THAT WAS ACTUALLY A CHRISTMAS TRADITION,

AND PEOPLE DECIDED, "LET'S TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT."

ABDALATI: ORNITHOLOGIST FRANK CHAPMAN ORGANIZED

THE FIRST CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT IN 1900.

IN THAT YEAR, VOLUNTEERS COUNTED BIRDS

IN JUST A HANDFUL OF PLACES.

[BIRDS SQUAWKING]

TODAY, VOLUNTEERS SPOT SPECIES AND NUMBERS

EACH WINTER AT THOUSANDS OF LOCATIONS

ACROSS NORTH AMERICA...

[CALLING]

AND THE CBC HAS GROWN INTO ONE OF THE WORLD'S

LARGEST ECOLOGICAL DATASETS.

ANGEL: SO THERE'S TWO SPECIES IN PARTICULAR

WE'RE LOOKING FOR NOW-- NELSON'S SPARROW

AND SALTMARSH SPARROW,

AND THOSE TWO SPECIES ARE ONLY REALLY FOUND

IN THIS--THESE TYPES OF HABITATS HERE.

HERE COMES A BALD EAGLE-- I'M SORRY TO CUT YOU OFF.

NO, NO, IT'S ALL RIGHT.

OUR NATIONAL BIRD, YES!

SO YOU NOTICE THIS GUY IS, UH,

ITS HEAD IS NOT VERY BOLD WHITE YET.

IT'S--IT'S ALMOST AN ADULT BIRD.

I WOULD SAY PROBABLY A 4-, 4 1/2-YEAR-OLD BIRD.

WOW.

ABDALATI, VOICE-OVER: SEEING A BALD EAGLE WAS A THRILL

FOR A BIRD-COUNTING NEWCOMER LIKE ME,

BUT THESE VETERAN BIRDERS WERE MORE INTERESTED

IN ONE OF THE UNIQUE LOCAL SPECIES.

I JUST SAW OUR FIRST NELSON'S SPARROW.

AWESOME!

ABDALATI, VOICE-OVER: YOU CAN SEE THAT THE PEOPLE ENGAGED

IN THE CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT ARE HAVING FUN.

THEY LOVE BEING OUT IN NATURE

AND SPOTTING BIRDS,

BUT THE DATA GATHERED IN ONE OF NORTH AMERICA'S

OLDEST CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECTS HAVE BECOME

A UNIQUE AND VALUABLE RESOURCE

FOR UNDERSTANDING OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT.

RAPOZA: WE'RE HELPING SCIENTISTS TO UNDERSTAND

MORE ABOUT BIRDS.

THE SCIENTISTS CAN'T DO IT THEMSELVES

SIMPLY BECAUSE THERE'S NOT ENOUGH SCIENTISTS.

WHY SHOULD THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS BE COLLECTING

THIS DATA WHEN THERE'S THOUSANDS OF ORDINARY CITIZENS

THAT CAN DO IT JUST AS WELL?

WE DO IT FOR FREE BECAUSE WE LOVE TO DO IT,

AND WHY SHOULDN'T SCIENTISTS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THAT?

ABDALATI, VOICE-OVER: AMONG THE MANY RESEARCHERS USING

THE BIRD COUNT DATASET ARE THE AUDUBON SOCIETY'S

OWN BIOLOGISTS, BASED IN SAN FRANCISCO.

MAN: THE CBC ACTUALLY HAS REALLY GOOD COVERAGE

IN DENSELY POPULATED AREAS.

IN ADDITION, WE HAVE CIRCLES LOCATED

IN RURAL AREAS, AS WELL AS NATIONAL PARKS

AND NATIONAL FORESTS.

SO THROUGHOUT THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT,

THERE'S REALLY PRETTY GOOD COVERAGE

FROM THE CBC COUNTS.

MAN: WHO WAS THAT?

DOWNY? YEP, YEP. DOWNY WOODPECKER

JUST FLEW, LYNNE.

SEE THE FORK IN THE TREE THERE,

AND HE'S HOPPING UP? YEP.

FLICKER. YEAH, THERE GOES A FLICKER.

SO WE GOT 3 WOODPECKERS RIGHT HERE.

THE PROCESS FOR GETTING CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT DATA

INTO OUR SYSTEM INVOLVES MANY STEPS.

WHEN PEOPLE ARE IN THE FIELD COUNTING BIRDS,

THEY RECORD THEIR OWN CHECKLISTS.

THERE'S SHOVELERS IN FLIGHT.

THIS LITTLE GROUP HERE.

THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE'VE

EVER SEEN THEM HERE.

WHAT DID YOU GET? PHOEBE?

SOYKAN: THOSE CHECKLISTS ARE THEN PASSED ON

TO COMPILERS WHO COMPILE THE INFORMATION

AND SUBMIT A COMPLETE CHECKLIST

FOR A GIVEN YEAR.

MAN: HORNED LARK?

YES. YES!

TREE SWALLOW?

COMMON MOORHEN?

YES!

AMERICAN COOT.

YES! HOO!

SOYKAN: THAT INFORMATION IS THEN PASSED ON

TO A REGIONAL EDITOR.

IF THEY SEE A VERY UNUSUAL SPECIES RECORDED,

THEY MIGHT CHECK IN WITH THE COMPILER AND SAY,

"DID YOU ALL REALLY SEE THAT SPECIES?"

ABDALATI: ONCE THE DATA ARE QUALITY-CHECKED,

THEY'RE ADDED TO THE MAIN CBC DATABASE.

SOYKAN: IT'S IMPORTANT FOR ECOLOGISTS TO THINK BIG

BECAUSE THE PROBLEMS THE WORLD IS FACING ARE LARGE.

A GOOD DATASET IS GOING TO BE COLLECTED

OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME

AND BE SPATIALLY EXTENSIVE,

SO COVER A LARGE AREA.

FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE, THIS CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT IS

AN EXCELLENT DATASET.

DUNN, VOICE-OVER: YEAH. IT'S REAL INTERESTING DATA TO LOOK AT,

AND PEOPLE ARE STARTING TO REALLY CRUNCH THE NUMBERS.

THERE'S ENOUGH DATA NOW AFTER 115 YEARS.

WILSEY: FRANK CHAPMAN IN 1900 COULDN'T HAVE IMAGINED

HOW USEFUL THE CBC DATASET WOULD BE.

HAVING THIS LONG-TERM DATASET ALLOWS US

TO IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN BIRDS AND CLIMATE

AND THINK ABOUT HOW CLIMATE CHANGE

MAY IMPACT THOSE BIRDS.

"THE AUDUBON BIRDS AND CLIMATE REPORT"

IS A COMPREHENSIVE REPORT LOOKING

ACROSS 588 DIFFERENT SPECIES AND TRYING TO QUANTIFY

THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

ON THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF THOSE SPECIES,

AND WE FOUND THAT NEARLY HALF OF THOSE 588 SPECIES

MAY NEED TO MAKE DRAMATIC SHIFTS IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

ABDALATI: ONE OF THOSE SPECIES AT RISK IS

THE NELSON'S SPARROW.

THAT'S ONE OF THE BIRDS I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO SEE

DOWN IN THE EVERGLADES.

SO NELSON'S SPARROW IS CLASSIFIED

AS CLIMATE-ENDANGERED FOR THE WINTER MONTHS BASED

ON MODELS BUILT WITH CBC DATA.

ABDALATI: BY LATE THIS CENTURY, NELSON'S SPARROW

IS PROJECTED TO LOSE MOST OF ITS WINTER HABITAT

AND BE FORCED TO SPEND WINTERS FURTHER NORTH

ALONG THE COAST.

WILSEY: WE KNOW THAT BIRDS ARE HIGHLY MOBILE,

AND SO WE WOULD EXPECT THAT THEY ARE ABLE TO SHIFT

THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO A CHANGING CLIMATE.

WHAT WE DON'T KNOW IS WHETHER THEY'RE GOING TO

FIND ALL THE RESOURCES THAT THEY REQUIRE

TO LIVE AND SURVIVE.

IT MAY BE THAT THEIR SPECIFIC FOOD RESOURCES

OR NESTING RESOURCES ARE NOT FOUND OR WON'T SHIFT

AT THE SAME RATE THAT THE BIRD IS CAPABLE

OF SHIFTING IN.

IT'S THOSE ECOLOGICAL MISMATCHES

THAT ARE POTENTIALLY THE MOST THREATENING COMPONENT

OF CLIMATE CHANGE.

EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT A BIRD LOVER

OR AN ENVIRONMENTALIST,

UNDERSTANDING THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS

OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BIRDS IS IMPORTANT

BECAUSE BIRDS ARE A SURROGATE

FOR ECOSYSTEMS IN GENERAL,

AND SO IF BIRDS HAVE THE POTENTIAL

TO BE THREATENED BY CLIMATE CHANGE,

NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS IN GENERAL ARE LIKELY TO BE AT RISK

DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

WITH THE LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE

THAT THE CBC PROVIDES,

BIOLOGISTS CAN UNDERSTAND HOW BIRD POPULATIONS

CHANGE OVER TIME.

SOYKAN: FOR ME, PART OF IT IS JUST FEELING LIKE YOU'RE

A PART OF SOMETHING BIGGER,

OF KNOWING THAT THERE'S THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE

ACROSS THE WORLD DOING THE SAME THING.

ABDALATI: THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD,

ALL COUNTING BIRDS,

AND THIS YEAR, I WAS ONE OF THEM,

BUT CAN CITIZEN SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTE DATA

THAT CAN BE TRUSTED?

SOYKAN: ONE OF THE CONCERNS WITH THE CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

DATA IS THE FACT THAT IT'S COLLECTED

BY CITIZEN SCIENTISTS RATHER THAN PROFESSIONALS,

BUT SKILLED BIRDERS ARE OFTEN AS GOOD OR BETTER

AT IDENTIFYING BIRDS AS PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS.

ABDALATI: I WITNESSED THIS FIRSTHAND

IN THE EVERGLADES.

ONE OF THE BIRDERS I MET THERE, PAUL BITHORN,

KNEW THE BIRDS HE WAS COUNTING

LIKE THEY WERE OLD FRIENDS.

ABDALATI: I FEEL LIKE MY BLOOD PRESSURE'S GONE DOWN 10 POINTS

JUST BEING HERE.

JUST SPECTACULAR.

SO HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN DOING THIS?

BITHORN: WELL, THIS PARTICULAR COUNT,

I'VE BEEN CANOEING DOWN THIS TRAIL

FOR THE LAST 30 YEARS.

30 YEARS?

I WAS A, UH, PLUMBER FOR 41 YEARS.

I'M NOW RETIRED.

BUT YOU'VE BEEN BIRDING LONGER THAN YOU'VE

DONE ANYTHING, HUH?

I HAVE BEEN BIRDING FOR OVER 50 YEARS.

I STARTED AS A CUB SCOUT.

WE HAD TO IDENTIFY 10 SPECIES OF BIRDS,

AND I'VE BEEN BIRDING EVER SINCE.

ONCE YOU GET THE BUG, YOU'LL HAVE IT FOR LIFE.

I'VE GOT A TIGHT-KNIT CIRCLE OF FRIENDS HERE

IN MIAMI THAT, UH, WE ALL BIRD TOGETHER.

WE'RE LITERALLY FAMILY.

THAT'S A FACT.

SO HOW MUCH LONGER DO YOU PLAN ON DOING IT?

I'LL BE DOING IT AS LONG AS I'M ALIVE.

BUT WHILE BIRDING HAS A LONG HISTORY

OF CONTRIBUTING TO CITIZEN SCIENCE ACTIVITIES,

ANOTHER OUTDOOR ACTIVITY IS JUST GETTING STARTED.

ONCE AGAIN, IT HAS THE CAPABILITY OF FILLING

IMPORTANT GAPS IN THE DATA,

BUT THIS TIME, INSTEAD OF FEATHERS FLYING HIGH

IN THE SKIES, IT'S FINS SLICING THROUGH THE OCEANS.

6 A.M., A SOMEWHAT CHILLY DECEMBER MORNING

ON A BEACH NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA,

BUT FOR THESE MEN AND WOMEN,

THE DAY STILL BEGINS WITH THEIR USUAL MORNING RITUAL.

MAN: ONE OF THE STEREOTYPES THAT'S REALLY UNFORTUNATE

ABOUT SURFERS IS THEY'RE SORT OF THESE LAZY,

BURNED-OUT, DROPOUT PEOPLE FROM SOCIETY,

AND IT COULDN'T REALLY BE FARTHER

FROM THE TRUTH.

WE WERE DOWN HERE AT SUNRISE THIS MORNING,

AND THE ONLY PEOPLE STIRRING ON THE BEACH

AT 5:30, A QUARTER TO 6:00 WERE A BUNCH OF SURFERS

WHO GOT UP IN THE DARK TO COME SURF BEFORE WORK.

EVERY DAY, THEY WAKE UP,

AND THEY READ THE NOAA OFFSHORE BUOYS

THAT TALK ABOUT SWELL DIRECTION, PERIOD, WAVE HEIGHT.

THEY COME DOWN TO THE BEACH,

AND THEY'RE PAYING ATTENTION TO THE TIDE.

AS A SURFER, YOU'RE ACTUALLY IN THE OCEAN,

AND YOU EXPERIENCE WHAT THE OCEAN IS DOING

AT THAT MOMENT VERY VISCERALLY.

ABDALATI: I USE SATELLITES TO STUDY EARTH,

AND A LOT OF WHAT YOU SEE FROM SPACE,

OF COURSE, IS OCEAN,

BUT WE KNOW OUR SEAS ARE CHANGING IN IMPORTANT WAYS.

THEY'RE WARMING, AND SEA LEVEL IS RISING,

AND AS THE OCEAN ABSORBS MORE AND MORE CARBON DIOXIDE,

IT'S ALSO GETTING MORE ACIDIC.

THAT THREATENS CORAL REEFS AND THE FISH

AND THE FISHERMEN WHO DEPEND ON THEM,

SO WE ALSO NEED MEASUREMENTS OF WHAT'S CALLED pH,

AN INDICATOR OF WATER'S ACIDITY.

SATELLITES AND SOPHISTICATED SENSORS

DO A PRETTY GOOD JOB OF GENERATING DATA

ON WHAT'S HAPPENING FAR OUT AT SEA,

BUT CLOSE TO SHORE, IT CAN COST AS MUCH

AS $1 MILLION TO STUDY A SINGLE BAY,

AND THEN THERE ARE THOSE WAVES.

THEN I SAW A MAP OF THE EASTERN SEABOARD

OF THE UNITED STATES, AND ALONG THE COAST,

THERE WAS FUZZINESS.

ABDALATI: ANDY STERN IS A RETIRED NEUROLOGIST.

HE'S FOUNDER OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL NGO

CALLED THE LOST BIRD PROJECT,

WHICH COMMISSIONS LARGE SCULPTURES

OF EXTINCT SPECIES.

HE'S ALSO WORKING TO HELP GENERATE DATA

TO PREVENT MORE DAMAGE TO THE OCEAN.

ANDY HOPES THERE WILL BE NO NEED FOR A LOST CORAL PROJECT.

STERN: THERE WAS A LOT OF GOOD, PRECISE DATA

IN THE OCEAN,

AND I WAS TOLD THAT THE FUZZINESS

ALONG THE COAST, WHAT'S CALLED THE NEARSHORE,

IT WAS REALLY A DATA GAP.

CYRONAK: TO PUT SENSORS IN SOMETHING LIKE

THE SURF ZONE IS DIFFICULT FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS,

ONE OF WHICH IS IT'S JUST A VERY DYNAMIC ZONE

WHERE THERE'S LOTS OF WAVES BREAKING,

A LOT OF ENERGY BEING RELEASED,

SO TO PUT SOMETHING OUT THERE THAT WILL STAY THERE

AND NOT GET DAMAGED IS DIFFICULT.

STERN: SO I THOUGHT, "THAT'S INTERESTING.

"SURFERS ARE AT THE NEARSHORE.

THEY'RE THE ONES WHO REALLY KNOW THE OCEANS."

SOMETHING LIKE HALF OF MANKIND WORLDWIDE LIVES

ON THE COASTS, AND THAT'S WHERE THE DATA

ISN'T SECURE.

SO I SAID, "WE'RE DOING IT."

I REACHED INTO THE SURFER COMMUNITY

HERE IN SAN DIEGO AND FOUND BENJAMIN THOMPSON.

THEN I SAID, "HEY, BENJAMIN,

CAN YOU MAKE A SURFBOARD FIN THAT MEASURES OCEAN CHEMISTRY?"

AND HE SAID, "SURE."

AS TIME WENT BY, I REALIZED THAT

HAD I ASKED HIM TO MAKE A SURFBOARD

THAT WOULD TAKE ME TO THE MOON, HE WOULD HAVE SAID, "SURE!"

I LIKE HOW THE ROCKER SEEMS FURTHER BACK AND FARTHER OUT.

HE BROUGHT A TEAM OF ENGINEERS TOGETHER,

AND 3 YEARS LATER, WE HAVE SMARTFIN.

THIS IS WHAT THE SMARTFIN LOOKS LIKE ON THE OUTSIDE.

THE ONLY THING YOU SEE IS AN L.E.D.

AND THE LITTLE HOLE FOR WATER TO MOVE THROUGH.

ON THE INSIDE, IT LOOKS LIKE THIS.

RIGHT HERE, THERE'S A BATTERY.

THIS IS A CIRCUIT BOARD.

THIS IS AN INDUCTIVE CHARGER,

AND HERE WE HAVE

OUR pH SENSORS.

ABDALATI: CONTRAST THE SMARTFIN WITH THE SIZE AND COST

OF THE INSTRUMENTS WHICH SCRIPPS RESEARCHERS

CURRENTLY USE BOTH TO CAPTURE OCEAN DATA

AND TO CHECK THE ACCURACY OF THE SMARTFINS.

WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IN THIS TEST TANK IS

COMPARE THE MEASUREMENTS THE SMARTFINS ARE MAKING,

WHICH ARE TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND pH,

TO MEASUREMENTS MADE ON STATE-OF-THE-ART SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT

THAT IS ACTUALLY DEPLOYED BY OCEANOGRAPHERS

OUT IN THE OCEAN.

ABDALATI: THESE KINDS OF SENSORS CAN COST UP TO $20,000 EACH.

BY CONTRAST, SMARTFIN'S DEVELOPERS ARE AIMING

FOR A COST OF LESS THAN $200 PER FIN.

THOMPSON: IT'S PRETTY RAD BECAUSE IT ALL FITS IN A FIN.

AT THE LEVEL OF PRECISION AND ACCURACY

THAT WE HAVE FOR BOTH SALINITY AND pH,

THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART IS LIKE A MASSIVE

BENCHTOP DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM THAT YOU HAVE TO

PLUG INTO 120 VOLTS.

ABDALATI: ONCE THE SURFERS ARE BACK ON SHORE,

THEY DOWNLOAD THE DATA TO THEIR SMARTPHONES.

THOMPSON: THE DATA WILL MOVE FROM THE FIN TO YOUR PHONE

AND THEN FROM THE PHONE TO OUR SERVERS,

AND THEN IT'S PROCESSED,

AND THERE YOU HAVE A SURFER JUST HITTING

A FEW BUTTONS HAS DONE LEGITIMATE SCIENCE.

NELSEN: THE ACT OF RIDING A WAVE REALLY SORT OF IS

TRYING TO GET AS CLOSE AND TAP IN TO THAT SORT OF

OCEAN ENERGY IN THE OCEAN AS POSSIBLE,

YOU KNOW, EVEN TRYING TO GET UNDER AND INSIDE OF IT,

AND THE FIN IS ALONG FOR THAT RIDE,

SO I THINK THERE'S A REALLY INTERESTING COMPATIBILITY

BETWEEN THE FIN THAT'S COLLECTING

ALL OF THIS INFORMATION

AND--AND THE SURFER WHO'S, YOU KNOW, SO IN TUNE

AND IN TOUCH WITH THE OCEAN.

FOR ME AS A SCIENTIST, I GET TO GO SURFING FOR SCIENCE.

HA HA HA!

THERE'S NOT MUCH BETTER THAN THAT.

I LOVE SURFING, I LOVE SCIENCE,

AND PUTTING THEM TOGETHER AND BEING ABLE TO INTERACT

WITH PEOPLE AND TRY TO BRING THAT SAME STOKE TO THEM

FOR SCIENCE AND SURFING IS--IS REALLY GREAT FOR ME.

ABDALATI: A SMALL GROUP OF SURFERS HAVE BEEN

COLLABORATING IN A PILOT STUDY WITH SCRIPPS TO SEE

HOW DATA GATHERED IN THE LAB COMPARES

TO DATA COLLECTED OUT IN THE SURF.

MUMMA: THE BETA TESTING PROGRAM IS TWOFOLD.

ONE IS TO SEE HOW WELL THE FIN ACTUALLY WORKS

AS FAR AS UPLOADING DATA AND FUNCTIONALITY

OF THE ACTUAL FIN,

AND THE SECOND IS JUST TO COLLECT MORE DATA

TO ACTUALLY SEE HOW THE FIN IS OPERATING

WITH REGARD TO THE SENSORS.

ABDALATI: CLIFF KAPANO, ORIGINALLY FROM HAWAII,

WHERE SURFING WAS BORN, IS A BETA TESTER FOR SMARTFIN.

HE'S ALSO A Ph.D. STUDENT AT SCRIPPS.

IF WE'RE ABLE TO HAVE SOURCE DATA, RIGHT,

FROM THE REEF, YOU KNOW, WE UNDERSTAND

THE COLLECTIVE, HUGE DATABASE OF WHAT'S THE SALINITY,

WHAT'S THE TEMPERATURE, AND WHAT'S THE pH,

WE CAN PROFILE THE CHEMISTRY ON THE REEF

A LOT MORE EFFECTIVELY.

AND, YOU KNOW, IF WE-- IF WE REMOVE OURSELVES

FROM THE PLACES WE ARE TRYING TO PROTECT,

I THINK WE'LL ALWAYS FALL SHORT OF OUR GOAL.

NELSEN: SURFERS TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD.

THEY GO TO ALL THESE PLACES WITH THESE SENSITIVE CORAL REEFS

IN INDONESIA, AND, YOU KNOW, ALL OVER THE SOUTH PACIFIC,

AND, UH--AND SO I THINK THAT SURFERS PROVIDE

A REALLY--A SORT OF A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND

THE DATA COLLECTION IN A WAY THAT RESEARCH DOLLARS--

IT WOULD JUST TAKE SO MUCH MONEY TO GET DONE.

ABDALATI: THE UNITED STATES HAS SOME 3 MILLION SURFERS.

AUSTRALIA, DESPITE ITS SMALLER POPULATION,

HAS ALMOST AS MANY.

THERE ARE EVEN HALF A MILLION IN GREAT BRITAIN.

WORLDWIDE, IT'S ESTIMATED

THAT SOME 23 MILLION MEN AND WOMEN SURF.

CYRONAK: WHEN YOU LOOK AT SURF BREAKS

FROM AN AERIAL POINT OF VIEW,

YOU CAN START TO SEE HOW MANY SURFERS

ARE ACTUALLY OUT IN THE WATER,

AND YOU CAN START TO REALIZE HOW MUCH OF AN IMPACT

THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO MAKE.

ABDALATI: BUT FOR SMARTFIN'S CREATORS, THE FIN IS NOT

JUST ABOUT COLLECTING HIGH-GRADE SCIENTIFIC DATA.

STERN: FOR THE CITIZEN, YOU'VE CONTRIBUTED

TO UNDERSTANDING OUR OCEANS,

AND IT MAKES THE SCIENCE MORE ACCESSIBLE.

YOU CAN ACQUIRE ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF DATA

FOR NEXT TO NOTHING, AND OFTEN THE DATA

CANNOT BE OBTAINED ANY OTHER WAY.

I THINK OF SMARTFIN AS A CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT

WHICH IS SEEING THE OCEAN NOT ONLY

AS A VERY, VERY COOL PLAYGROUND,

BUT ALSO AS A FRAGILE AND CRITICAL PART

OF THE EARTH'S ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM.

SO SOCIAL MEDIA AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

CAN MAKE LIFE BETTER FOR PEOPLE EVERYWHERE,

BUT CAN CITIZEN SCIENCE AND APPS ALSO PROTECT

THE SPECIES WITH WHOM WE SHARE THE PLANET?

RESEARCHERS TALK ABOUT PHENOLOGY,

STUDYING HOW PLANTS AND ANIMALS RESPOND

TO SEASONAL CHANGES, AND, YES, AS WE'LL SEE,

THERE'S AN APP FOR THAT.

WE'RE GOING TO JOURNEY THROUGH A YEAR IN THE LIFE

OF CITIZEN SCIENCE AND TRAVEL ACROSS THE NATION

FROM COAST TO COAST.

LET'S START IN LATE SUMMER/EARLY FALL

WITH FLOWERS BLOOMING BUT WITH CONCERNS

ABOUT THE NUMBER AND HEALTH OF POLLINATORS.

YEAH, THIS IS WITCH HAZEL NUMBER ONE.

KERISSA, VOICE-OVER: MY NAME IS KERISSA BATTLE.

WE ARE RIGHT NOW IN A PLACE CALLED BEARSVILLE

IN THE HEART OF THE CATSKILLS.

I GREW UP IN JAMAICA, QUEENS,

WITH NO REAL CONTEXT FOR THE NATURAL WORLD

REALLY AT ALL.

AS A YOUNG ADULT, WHEN I DID DISCOVER

THAT IT EXISTED, UH, I FELL IN LOVE

PRETTY--PRETTY HARD AND FAST, AS YOUNG ADULTS DO.

ABDALATI: KERISSA AND HER HUSBAND KEMP BATTLE

DOCUMENT SEASONAL CHANGE USING A SMARTPHONE APP.

THE NATIONAL PHENOLOGY NETWORK HAS CREATED

THIS INCREDIBLE RESOURCE, THIS OBSERVING PLATFORM

CALLED NATURE'S NOTEBOOK.

WE WALK THE TRAIL FREQUENTLY,

PRETTY MUCH EVERY DAY, TAKE MY DOGS OUT,

AND HIT THE TRAIL AND MAKE MY OBSERVATIONS ON MY iPHONE.

LET'S START WITH QUESTION ONE.

"DO WE HAVE BREAKING LEAF BUDS STILL?"

KERISSA, VOICE-OVER: AND MY OBSERVATIONS ARE INCLUDED

IN THE DATASET, JUST LIKE ANYONE ELSE.

ABDALATI: KERISSA WAS SO IMPRESSED WITH NATURE'S NOTEBOOK

THAT SHE FOUNDED THE NEW YORK PHENOLOGY PROJECT

WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON PLANTS AND POLLINATORS.

KERISSA: ONE OF THE MAIN FOCUS

OF THE NEW YORK PHENOLOGY PROJECT IS

PLANT/POLLINATOR SYNCHRONIZATION.

SO WE'RE LOOKING AT THE TIMING OR THE MISMATCH

OF TIMING BETWEEN PLANTS AND THE POLLINATORS

THAT DEPEND ON THEM FOR NECTAR,

AND THE PLANTS THAT DEPEND ON THE POLLINATORS

FOR EFFECTIVE POLLINATION.

THIS IS A LATE-SEASON FLOWER,

SO IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF ITS NECTAR VALUE

FOR A LOT OF POLLINATORS.

QUITE A NUMBER OF OUR SITES, UH, HAVE IT

ON THEIR OBSERVATION LISTS.

JAMAICA BAY WILDLIFE REFUGE, FOR EXAMPLE, IS A SITE.

ABDALATI: THIS WILDLIFE REFUGE IS WORKING

WITH BOTH ADULT AND TEENAGE CITIZEN SCIENTISTS

NOT JUST TO SUPPORT THE HEALTH OF PLANTS AND POLLINATORS,

BUT ALSO TO RESPOND TO THE IMPACTS

OF SUPERSTORM SANDY.

MAN: WE'RE HERE IN JAMAICA BAY.

THIS IS A PART OF GATEWAY NATIONAL RECREATION AREA,

AND THE SPECIFIC SPOT WE'RE AT

IS THE JAMAICA BAY WILDLIFE REFUGE.

WOMAN: WE'RE ABOUT 45 MINUTES FROM MANHATTAN

IN THE LARGEST URBAN NATIONAL PARK IN NEW YORK.

MEHARG: DURING HURRICANE SANDY, WE HAD A 14-FOOT TIDAL SURGE.

THE SEAWATER CAME IN THROUGH THE ENTRANCE

FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN INTO JAMAICA BAY.

FANO: WE RECRUITED SCHOOLS IN BROOKLYN AND QUEENS

THAT WERE DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY SUPERSTORM SANDY.

THEY SUFFERED THE EFFECTS FIRSTHAND

OF THIS DANGEROUS STORM,

AND WE WANTED THEM TO COME AND SEE

NOT ONLY WHAT HAPPENED IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOODS,

BUT WHAT HAPPENED TO THE LOCAL ECOLOGY HERE

IN THEIR BACKYARD.

BOY: I LIVED THROUGH SANDY.

UM, IT WAS COLD, AND THERE WAS NO LIGHTS,

NO HEAT, NOT REALLY NOTHING.

BOY: IF YOU WERE OUTSIDE, YOU COULD SEE THE WATER LEVEL

ACTUALLY RISING TO ITS PEAK,

AND THEN IT WENT OVER THE BOARDWALK,

AND IT WAS--IT WAS JUST CRAZY.

GIRL: IT WAS VERY SCARY AND, LIKE, YOU--

LIKE, IT JUST HAPPENED SO QUICK, YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO

AND, LIKE, HOW TO REACT TO WHAT HAPPENED

IN THE SITUATION YOU WERE IN.

ABDALATI: THE PARK SERVICE STARTED WORKING

WITH THE NEW YORK PHENOLOGY NETWORK TO MAKE RECOVERING

FROM SANDY ALSO SUPPORT HABITAT RESTORATION.

SO WHAT WOULD WE HAVE TO DO TO TRANSFORM

THIS AREA THAT WAS DAMAGED BY SANDY INTO A PLACE

THAT'S GOING TO ATTRACT MORE POLLINATORS?

WHAT--WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

WITH MORE SEEDS, THERE'S MORE BIRDS.

THERE'S MORE BIRDS, THERE'S MORE PLACES

FOR THE, UM, PLANTS TO GROW.

YES, RIGHT. SO YOU NEED, LIKE--

WE'RE TRYING TO, LIKE, START UP

THAT WHOLE ENGINE THAT'S SORT OF BEEN

BROKEN BY SANDY.

FANO: WHAT WE'RE CONCERNED ABOUT IS THE DECLINE

OF POLLINATORS NATIONWIDE AND ALSO GLOBALLY,

AND WE'RE LOOKING AT THE DECLINE OF THEIR FOOD SUPPLIES,

THE DECLINE OF THEIR HABITATS.

JAMAICA BAY WILDLIFE REFUGE NOW IS STARTING TO DO

A LOT OF INCREDIBLE WORK WITH POLLINATORS

AND NATIVE PLANET RESTORATION.

SO IF YOU KNOW, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT

A PARTICULAR BUMBLEBEE IS MISMATCHED

WITH THE PLANTS THAT IT VISITS, YOU CAN FOCUS

CONSERVATION EFFORT, BUILDING NATIVE HABITAT.

FANO: POLLINATORS ARE ESSENTIAL TO OUR SURVIVAL.

THEY'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR A THIRD OF EVERY BITE

OF FOOD WE TAKE,

AND THEY'RE AS IMPORTANT IN URBAN SETTINGS

AS THEY ARE IN RURAL OR SUBURBAN SETTINGS.

SOME OF THE TEACHERS THAT I MET ARE

AT JAMAICA BAY WILDLIFE REFUGE TO BUILD NATIVE BEE HOTELS,

SO TO CREATE HABITAT THAT YOU CAN PUT IN BACKYARDS.

MEHARG: WE'RE GONNA HAVE TO LOOK REALLY CLOSELY

TO SEE IF WE SEE ANY POLLINATORS RIGHT NOW.

UM, YOU'RE JUST GOING TO COUNT HOW MANY

POLLINATORS WE SEE IN ONE MINUTE.

SO I'M GONNA TELL YOU WHEN TO START,

AND SOMEBODY'S ALREADY SPOTTED ONE.

SO WHEN WE REPORT DATA, THE OTHER PEOPLE

IN THE NETWORK GET TO BE PART OF THE DATA

THAT WE'RE COLLECTING.

KERISSA: STUDENTS WILL BE COMING OUT AND COLLECTING

THE SEEDS TO PLANT IN MORE PATCHES LIKE THIS.

SO THAT'S ONE OF THE CONSERVATION EFFORTS

AROUND INCREASING HABITAT FOR POLLINATORS

WHERE ANYONE CAN ACTUALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

FANO: BECAUSE WE'RE TEACHING STUDENTS THAT EVEN SMALL ACTIONS

CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE FOR POLLINATORS, EVEN IN CITIES.

SOMETIMES, WE HEAR ABOUT STUDIES THAT ARE

VERY LARGE IN SCALE, BUT WE DON'T REALLY KNOW

LOCALLY WHAT'S HAPPENING IN OUR OWN COMMUNITIES,

AND IT'S THE CITIZEN SCIENTISTS THAT ARE

GATHERING THAT DATA AND HELPING US UNDERSTAND

WHAT'S HAPPENING ON A VERY MICRO LEVEL,

AND THAT'S ALMOST AS IMPORTANT

AS WHAT'S HAPPENING ON--ON VERY LARGE SCALES.

IT MAKES ME FEEL GOOD BECAUSE I KNOW I'M DOING

SOMETHING GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT,

AND IT MAKES ME REALIZE THAT, YOU KNOW,

I'M ACTUALLY HELPING.

YOU KNOW, IT MIGHT-- IT MIGHT BE IN A SMALL WAY,

BUT I'M STILL MAKING A DIFFERENCE.

MEHARG: IF YOU WERE A BUMBLEBEE, AND YOU WERE FLYING

AROUND HERE AND YOU'RE LOOKING AT THIS AREA RIGHT NOW,

WHAT--WHAT ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT THIS AREA?

WHY WOULD YOU NOT WANT TO BE HERE

IF YOU'RE A BUMBLEBEE?

NOT MANY FLOWERS!

YEAH, NOT A LOT OF FLOWERS.

IF WE'RE GONNA PUT PLANTS BACK HERE,

WE NEED TO PUT PLANTS THAT ARE RESISTANT

TO SALT SPRAY AND STORMS LIKE HURRICANE SANDY

BECAUSE WE'RE LIKELY TO GET ONE AGAIN.

SO ONE OF THE PLANTS I POINTED OUT TO YOU WAS

THIS ONE OVER HERE...

KERISSA: SOME OF THE SPECIES THAT WE'RE WORKING WITH

DON'T HAVE DATASETS, SO THIS IS BASELINE.

THIS IS JUST GETTING THAT FIRST LOOK

AT WHAT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING PHENOLOGICALLY

WITH THESE SPECIES.

AND WHAT I ALWAYS SAY TO THE KIDS IS--IS

THE DATA THAT WE'RE COLLECTING IS REALLY IMPORTANT

TO MEMBERS OF THE PHENOLOGY PROJECT

SO THEY CAN COMPARE THEIR BLOOMING GOLDENROD

WITH THE TIME OUR BLOOMING GOLDENROD IS BLOOMING.

FANO: AND WE'RE MOVING STUDENTS FROM EDUCATION

TO ACTION, KNOWING THAT THEY CAN COLLECT DATA

AND ALSO THEN RESTORE HABITAT FOR POLLINATORS.

KERISSA: WHAT'S FANTASTIC ABOUT THE CITIZEN SCIENCE

MOVEMENT IS THAT YOU HAVE PEOPLE

WHO CAN STEWARD THESE SMALL GREEN SPACES

AND PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING IN THEM.

ARE THEY SEEING CERTAIN POLLINATORS THAT THEY

HAVEN'T SEEN BEFORE IN THAT PARTICULAR AREA?

ARE THEY MOVING FROM PATCH TO PATCH?

WHEN YOU EMPOWER PEOPLE IN THEIR OWN BACKYARDS,

AT THEIR SCHOOLYARDS, IN THEIR CITY PARKS,

IN THE PLACES THEY'RE ALREADY GOING,

IT'S MORE LIKELY THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY CREATE

CONNECTIVITY ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE.

WOMAN: WE'RE ON THE CENTRAL COAST

OF CALIFORNIA, WHICH IS REALLY THE HEART

OF WHERE MONARCH BUTTERFLIES SPEND THE WINTER.

THE MONARCHS THAT ARE OVERWINTERING HERE

HAVE NEVER BEEN HERE BEFORE,

THEY'VE NEVER BEEN TO THIS PART OF CALIFORNIA BEFORE.

WOMAN: THESE MONARCHS HAVE COME FROM ALL OVER

THE WESTERN U.S., SO THEY'VE COME FROM ARIZONA,

NEVADA, UTAH, WASHINGTON STATE, OREGON STATE.

THEY HAVE FLOWN HUNDREDS, MAYBE EVEN, YOU KNOW,

A THOUSAND MILES TO THESE EXACT SPOTS.

POWERS: THERE ARE ABOUT 200 LOCATIONS

ALONG THE CALIFORNIA COASTLINE WHERE THE MONARCH BUTTERFLIES

OVERWINTER, AND THIS HAPPENS TO BE

ONE OF THEIR FAVORITE PLACES.

THE UNDERSIDE OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY IS

ACTUALLY VERY WELL-CAMOUFLAGED.

MAN: THEY'RE NOT VERY IMPRESSIVE IF YOU DON'T

KNOW WHAT TO LOOK FOR,

BUT THEN YOU LOOK, YOU SEE, "OH, THAT'S A COUPLE HUNDRED

"BUTTERFLIES ALL TOGETHER.

"OH, THAT'S PRETTY AMAZING.

OH, COME LOOK! COME LOOK!" HA HA HA!

GRIFFITHS: BACK IN 1997, A GROUP OF CONCERNED CITIZENS

DECIDED THAT THERE NEEDED TO BE A BETTER, MORE STANDARDIZED WAY

OF KEEPING TRACK OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES,

AND THEY NOTICED THAT MONARCH BUTTERFLIES TEND

TO PEAK IN POPULATION AT THE OVERWINTERING SITES

AROUND THANKSGIVING.

THUS WAS BORN THE WESTERN MONARCH THANKSGIVING COUNT.

POWERS: VOLUNTEERS GO OUT AND TRY TO FIND AND COUNT

THE MONARCH BUTTERFLIES.

TODAY, WE ARE COUNTING MONARCH BUTTERFLIES

AT PISMO GROVE.

THIS SITE IS THE LARGEST OVERWINTERING SITE

IN CALIFORNIA.

THERE'S NOWHERE ELSE THAT HAS MORE MONARCHS THAN THIS,

SO YOU GUYS ARE GETTING TRAINED AT KIND OF

THE--THE MOTHER SHIP RIGHT NOW.

GRIFFITHS, VOICE-OVER: CITIZEN SCIENCE IS MORE THAN

PEOPLE WHO ARE EXCITED ABOUT PARTICIPATING

OR WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

THERE HAS TO BE SOME SCIENCE BEHIND IT,

AND SO, IN THE CASE OF THE WESTERN MONARCH THANKSGIVING COUNT,

ALL OF OUR VOLUNTEERS ARE RIGOROUSLY TRAINED

ON THE PROPER COUNTING PROTOCOL.

IT'S EASY TO LOSE YOUR PLACE.

I WILL ALWAYS GO, LIKE, SAY, LEFT TO RIGHT,

BOTTOM DOWN,

SO A PREDICTABLE ZIGZAG PATTERN.

WOMAN: AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO DO THE WHOLE SITE?

GRIFFITHS: YES. AT ONE TIME.

YES, YOU WANT TO COUNT--

NOT JUST DO A SECTION AND THEN THE NEXT DAY DO ANOTHER.

BECAUSE THEY MOVE.

WHOA! STUNNING! IT'S BEAUTIFUL!

GRIFFITHS, VOICE-OVER: TRAINING OUR CITIZEN SCIENTISTS

IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS.

IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY TRENDS AND TO BE ABLE

TO SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THE DATA

AND PROPERLY ANALYZE IT, THEN YOU NEED TO HAVE

STANDARDIZED DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOLS IN PLACE.

THRASHER: IT'S DONE IN THE MORNING BECAUSE

ONCE THEY GET WARM ENOUGH TO FLY,

IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO COUNT THEM. HA HA HA HA!

SO YOU'VE GOT TO COUNT THEM WHEN THEY'RE CLUSTERING.

POWERS: WE ARE RECORDING THE LOCATION,

WE'RE RECORDING THE NUMBERS,

EXACTLY WHERE THE BUTTERFLIES ARE IN THE TREES,

WHAT THE ACTIVITY OF THE BUTTERFLIES ARE,

WHETHER THEY'RE SUNNING, WHETHER THEY'RE BY THEMSELVES,

WHETHER THEY'RE IN CLUSTERS.

THRASHER, VOICE-OVER: WHEN YOU'RE DOING THE COUNT,

YOU USUALLY COUNT A SMALL GROUP,

A GROUP OF 10, AND YOU GO ONE...

POWER: 2, 3,

4...

5, 6...

7, 8...

9, 10...

11, 12, 13, 14...

THRASHER: 65...75.

UH...THERE'S, UH, 95, ABOUT A HUNDRED.

POWERS: COUNTING METHOD IS BASICALLY LIKE COUNTING

JELLYBEANS IN A JAR.

I MEAN, THIS DOES LOOK VERY DAUNTING,

BUT BREAKING IT UP IS THE KEY

AND JUST--AND MAKING SURE YOU--YOU GUYS ARE

ON THE SAME PAGE WHEN YOU'RE-- WHEN YOU'RE COUNTING.

POWER: AND THIS INFORMATION IS ALL COMPILED

BY THE XERCES SOCIETY, AND IT CONTRIBUTES

TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT'S GOING ON

WITH THE POPULATION

OF THE WESTERN MONARCH BUTTERFLY.

GRIFFITHS: THE DATA THAT HAS BEEN COLLECTED BY HUNDREDS

OF VOLUNTEERS HAS REALLY ACTUALLY

HIGHLIGHTED THAT OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS

THE MONARCH POPULATION HAS DECLINED

IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES BY ABOUT 90%.

THESE VOLUNTEERS ARE THE LIFEBLOOD OF THE COUNT.

IT'S BEING TURNED INTO MANAGEMENT

AND CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS

THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED ON THE GROUND BY HOMEOWNERS,

CITIZENS, LANDOWNERS, LAND MANAGERS

TO BETTER PRESERVE MONARCH BUTTERFLY HABITAT

AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

ABDALATI: CHECK OUT THIS LINK TO FIND OUT ABOUT PLANTING

MILKWEED, THE MAYORS' MONARCH PLEDGE,

AND OTHER STEPS TO HELP PROTECT

THIS ICONIC SPECIES.

WOMAN: WE ARE IN THE DESERT SOUTHWEST,

AND WHEREVER THERE'S WATER,

THAT'S WHERE PEOPLE WANT TO BE.

PEOPLE STARTED SETTLING HERE IN THE ALBUQUERQUE AREA

AND REALIZED THAT THERE WAS AN ISSUE

WHEN THE RIVER FLOODED.

THE PEOPLE HERE DECIDED THAT WE NEEDED TO

CONTROL THE RIVER AND KEEP IT WITHIN ITS BANKS.

WE KEPT THE RIVER FROM FLOODING,

AND THAT FLOODING WAS WHAT CREATED

THIS BEAUTIFUL COTTONWOOD FOREST.

WITHOUT THAT FLOODING, WHEN THESE COTTONWOODS

DROP THEIR SEEDS, THEY DON'T HAVE MOIST SOIL

TO GERMINATE IN.

ABDALATI: THE VALLE DE ORO REFUGE WAS PREVIOUSLY THE SITE

OF A DAIRY FARM.

TO RESTORE IT TO A MORE NATURAL HABITAT,

VOLUNTEERS FROM NEARBY PUEBLOS, LOCAL SCHOOLS,

AND OTHERS ARE DOCUMENTING WHEN BUDS

BURST AND SEEDS FALL.

THOSE DATA WILL HELP PROMOTE THE GROWTH

OF NATIVE COTTONWOODS

AND BEAT BACK THE INVASIVE SIBERIAN ELM.

GIRL: TODAY, WE WERE OBSERVING COTTONWOOD

AND SIBERIAN ELM TREE ON THE REFUGE

TO SEE WHAT THE GROWTH OF THE TREE IS LIKE

AND TO ENTER IT IN OUR NATURE'S NOTEBOOK.

NOTICE THAT, LIKE, THERE ARE LITTLE TINY, LITTLE BUDS

ON THE BRANCHES.

NO OPEN FLOWERS.

POLLEN RELEASE, NOT YET.

UH-UH.

NO FRUITS.

ABDALATI: THE PHENOLOGY APP PLUS CITIZEN SCIENCE

ARE DELIVERING HYPERLOCAL DATA

ABOUT SPECIES-SPECIFIC SEASONAL CHANGES

THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE MISSING.

OWEN-WHITE: WHEN WE MONITOR THE COTTONWOODS,

WE'RE LEARNING ABOUT WHEN THEY ARE BUDDING,

WHEN THEY'RE DROPPING THEIR SEEDS,

AND THAT'S GOING TO HELP US WHEN WE RE-CREATE

FLOODING EVENTS.

WE CAN RE-CREATE FLOODING EVENTS

AT THE EXACT RIGHT TIME SO THAT THE COTTONWOODS

DROP THEIR SEEDS AND THAT THEY GERMINATE

SO THAT WE DON'T HAVE TO PLANT HUNDREDS

OF COTTONWOODS SO THAT THEY GROW ON THEIR OWN.

SO THAT'S A BIG PART OF WHAT WE'RE DOING

WITH NATURE'S NOTEBOOK.

SO I GUESS YOU CAN COMPARE THEM, LIKE, EAST REFUGE.

OWEN-WHITE, VOICE-OVER: WE ALSO HAVE OTHER PROJECTS THAT

WE'VE LINKED WITH NATURE'S NOTEBOOK,

LIKE THE BEMP PROGRAM,

THE BOSQUE ECOSYSTEM MONITORING PROGRAM,

WHERE THEY'RE STUDYING THE WATER LEVELS IN THE RIVER

AND THE GROUNDWATER, AND THAT'S GOING TO HELP US

WITH RESTORATION.

ALL RIGHT. LET'S SEE WHAT WE'RE SEEING.

OWEN-WHITE: IT'S IMPORTANT FOR US TO COLLECT THE ZERO DATA,

THE NO DATA, WHEN WE DON'T SEE THINGS,

BUT IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT FOR OUR VOLUNTEERS

TO STAY ENGAGED AND TO STAY EXCITED

ABOUT THE PROJECT IF THEY DO GET TO SEE WILDLIFE.

REALLY QUICKLY, LET'S THINK

ABOUT WHAT COULD BE SOME SIGNS, UH,

THAT WE MIGHT OBSERVE, EVEN IF WE DON'T SEE

THE ANIMALS THAT ARE OUT HERE.

THE ROBIN IS ACTUALLY HERE FROM JANUARY

TO ABOUT SEPTEMBER.

OWEN-WHITE: SO WE WANT TO PICK SOME OF THOSE BIRDS

LIKE THE CANADA GEESE OR THE SANDHILL CRANES

THAT WE KNOW PEOPLE ARE GONNA SEE,

BUT THAT WILL ALSO INFORM US

ABOUT HOW OUR RESTORATION WORK IS GOING.

ONE OF THE MOST EXCITING THINGS IS THAT THE DATA

THAT WE COLLECT HERE ISN'T JUST USED

FOR VALLE DE ORO.

IT GOES INTO A NATIONAL DATABASE,

AND SCIENTISTS AND EDUCATORS ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY

CAN ACCESS THIS DATA.

AND I'M SO GRATEFUL FOR ALL OF THE VOLUNTEERS

WHO GIVE THEIR TIME AND THEIR ENERGY

TO COLLECT THIS DATA.

IT'S NOT EASY. IT'S NOT QUICK.

HAVE A COYOTE HANGIN' OUT IN THE FIELD OVER THERE.

WE'VE BEEN SEEING A LOT OF COYOTES LATELY,

ESPECIALLY THE PAST COUPLE OF MONTHS

IN THE WINTER, WHEN WE HAVE HAD

SO MANY SANDHILL CRANES AND GEESE ON THE PROPERTY.

THE COYOTES HAVE LOVED IT OUT HERE.

I THINK THIS IS A MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL RELATIONSHIP

WHERE THE VOLUNTEERS ARE LEARNING MORE

ABOUT WILDLIFE AND PLANTS IN THEIR COMMUNITY,

AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, THEY FEEL LIKE THEY'RE GIVING BACK

TO SOMETHING BIG AND SOMETHING SPECIAL.

THEY'RE NOT JUST OUT THERE COLLECTING DATA,

ENTERING IT, AND THEN THEY SEE NOTHING OF IT.

THEY GET TO COME OUT HERE, AND THEY GET TO EXPERIENCE

HOW THEIR DATA IS BEING INCORPORATED

INTO THE REFUGE DESIGNS.

MAN: WE ARE HERE IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY

ON THE DELAWARE BAY, AND TONIGHT,

WE'RE DOING A HORSESHOE CRAB CENSUS.

IT HAS NOT STARTED RAINING!

WE DON'T TALK ABOUT THAT.

THIS IS--THIS IS OUR MOTIVATION TO HAVE

A QUICK AND EFFICIENT SURVEY TONIGHT.

SO, SHOW OF HANDS, WHO'S DONE A SURVEY BEFORE?

OK.

MAN: HORSESHOE CRABS ARE THOUGHT TO BE

BETWEEN 350 MILLION TO 400 MILLION YEARS OLD,

UH, REALLY WITHOUT ANY CHANGES,

SO THEY ARE OLDER THAN THE DINOSAURS.

THESE ARE TRULY ANCIENT CREATURES.

WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE 35 YEARS AGO,

YOU COULDN'T WALK ON THIS BEACH IN THE SUMMERTIME

AT THIS TIME OF YEAR WITHOUT STEPPING ON A HORSESHOE CRAB.

ABDALATI: SUMMER ALSO BRINGS MIGRATING BIRDS,

SUCH AS THE RED KNOTS,

WHO TOUCH DOWN TO FEAST ON CRAB EGGS.

RED KNOTS ARE LONG DISTANCE TRAVELERS,

FLYING 10,000 MILES

FROM THE TIP OF SOUTH AMERICA

ALL THE WAY NORTH TO THE ARCTIC.

THEY STOP HERE TO FATTEN UP ON THE WAY,

AND THEY FATTEN UP ON THE HORSESHOE CRAB EGGS,

WHICH, AT LEAST UNTIL GLOBAL WARMING STARTED,

HAPPENED AT THE TIME

THAT THE RED KNOT ARRIVED.

ABDALATI: HORSESHOE CRABS COME ASHORE TO SPAWN

AT HIGH TIDE, WHEN THE MOON IS NEW OR FULL.

A FEMALE LAYS SOME 90,000 EGGS EACH YEAR,

ATTRACTING MULTIPLE MALES,

ALL COMPETING TO FERTILIZE THEM.

ZITO-LIVINGSTON: MOST SPECIES THAT LAY A TON OF EGGS,

IT'S ONE OF THOSE ONE-IN-A-MILLION,

ONE-IN-A-BILLION CHANCES OF SURVIVING,

PARTLY BECAUSE OF THEIR OWN SPAWNING STRATEGY

AND THEN PARTLY BECAUSE OF THE SHORE BIRD BUFFET

THAT HAPPENS.

ABDALATI: HUMANS WERE ALSO HARVESTING THE CRABS,

USING THEIR BLOOD FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES

AND THEIR BODIES TO CATCH EEL AND CONCH.

ONE OF THE POPULAR USES OF HORSESHOE CRABS

IS TO ACTUALLY USE THEM AS BAIT.

SO MANY OF THOSE HORSESHOE CRABS

WERE HARVESTED THAT POPULATIONS STARTED

TO DECREASE.

IN THE EARLY 2000s, THE SHORE BIRD POPULATIONS

STARTED TO REALLY DECLINE RAPIDLY,

AND IT WAS THOUGHT THAT THE REDUCTION

IN HORSESHOE CRABS NUMBERS AND THE EGGS

THAT THEY REPRODUCE WAS PROBABLY THE ROOT CAUSE,

BUT THERE WASN'T A LOT OF DATA.

WHAT WE'LL BE DOING IS WALKING ALONG THE BEACH

AND PUTTING OUT SURVEY EQUIPMENT.

IT'S JUST THESE REAL SIMPLE PVC SQUARE

THAT WE PUT DOWN,

AND WE COUNT THE HORSESHOE CRABS

THAT ARE IN IT,

AND BY DOING THAT OVER AND OVER AGAIN

ON A WHOLE BUNCH OF BEACHES

ALONG THE DELAWARE BAY,

WE CAN TRACK HORSESHOE CRAB POPULATIONS.

ZITO-LIVINGSTON: WE'LL NEED AT LEAST ONE PACER,

IDEALLY TWO PER TEAM.

YOU CAN EITHER COUNT THE NUMBER OF FOOTFALLS

IT TAKES YOU TO GO 10 METERS

OR EVERY OTHER STEP,

WHATEVER IS GOING TO BE EASIEST FOR YOU TO REMEMBER.

A LOT OF THINGS CAN AFFECT THE NUMBER

OF CRABS THAT ARE SPAWNING, SO WE RECORD

ALL THOSE THINGS ON OUR DATA SHEET,

THINGS LIKE WAVE ENERGY, CLOUD COVER.

WE GET THAT A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT WAYS.

A BUNCH OF CRABS ARE STARTING TO COME UP ON THE BEACH,

AND THE FEEDING FRENZY OF LAUGHING GULLS

TELLS ME THERE'S A WHOLE BUNCH

OF EGGS ACTUALLY OUT THERE ON THE SAND ALREADY.

SEE THE NUMBER OF LOOSE EGGS,

ALL WITH FRESH YOLK.

THE SHOREBIRD BIOLOGISTS ACTUALLY LIKEN IT

TO CHEESECAKE, IT IS SO HIGH

IN FAT AND NUTRITION.

THE DATA THAT YOU'RE GETTING,

THE NUMBER OF MALES AND THE NUMBER OF FEMALES,

WE'LL BE IDENTIFYING THEM BOTH BASED

ON POSITION AND ALSO SIZE.

MALES HAVE THESE BOXING GLOVE CLAWS.

THEY HAVE A HOOK ON THEM, AND THEY USE THAT HOOK

TO GRASP THE FEMALE RIGHT HERE.

SO, AGAIN, FEMALE UNDERNEATH

AND A WHOLE BUNCH OF MALES.

THIS IS A PRETTY HIGH SEX RATIO FOR HORSESHOE CRABS,

WHICH IS ANOTHER PIECE OF INFORMATION

THAT COMES OUT OF THE SPAWNING SURVEY.

SO KAREN'S FEELING TO SEE IF THERE'S A FEMALE,

AND SHE'S GONNA TRY TO FIND ANOTHER ONE.

A HEALTHY POPULATION IN HORSESHOE CRABS

SHOULD HAVE A FAIRLY HIGH SEX RATIO.

ABDALATI: STARTING IN 2006, THE DECLINE IN CRABS

AND SHOREBIRDS LED ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES

TO IMPLEMENT STRICT LIMITS ON CATCHING

HORSESHOE CRABS.

THERE'S BEEN A MORATORIUM.

NOW THIS IS THE EIGHTH YEAR OF THE MORATORIUM.

ONE OF THE THINGS WE'RE LOOKING FOR IS

ARE THEY STARTING TO COME BACK?

A MALE HORSESHOE CRAB TAKES 7 YEARS TO REACH SEXUAL MATURITY.

WOMAN: SO THIS IS THE FIRST YEAR

SINCE THE MORATORIUM WAS PUT ON,

SO IT WILL BE INTERESTING TO SEE IF THEY SEE

AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MALES.

I'VE BEEN DOING THIS FOR TWO YEARS OR SO.

I LOVE THE ENVIRONMENT. I LIKE THE HORSESHOE CRABS.

I THINK IT'S COOL THAT THEY'VE PRETTY MUCH

BEEN HERE FOREVER;

A LOT LONGER THAN HUMANS HAVE BEEN HERE,

MILLIONS OF YEARS OR SO.

I MEAN, IF THEIR NUMBERS START DECLINING NOW,

THEN I THINK WE CAN CLEARLY SAY THAT PEOPLE

ARE THE ONES WHO ARE AT FAULT FOR IT,

AND I LIKE TO FEEL THAT I'M HELPING.

EVEN A LITTLE BIT, IT STILL MAKES ME FEEL

A LITTLE BETTER INSIDE.

17 MALES AND-- 3 FEMALES.

3 FEMALES. OK.

ALLEN: SO RIGHT NOW IN NEW JERSEY,

THERE'S NO HARVEST OF HORSESHOE CRABS ALLOWED,

AND IN ORDER FOR THAT TO BE CHANGED OVER TIME,

FOR HARVEST RESTRICTIONS TO BE LIFTED,

WE NEED TO KNOW THAT THE HORSESHOE CRABS

HAVE RETURNED TO SUFFICIENT NUMBERS

TO SUPPORT THE SHOREBIRD NUMBERS,

AND SO THE RESULTS OF SURVEYS LIKE

THIS CITIZEN SCIENCE SURVEY ACTUALLY INFORM

THE DECISION-MAKING ON WHETHER THE RESTRICTIONS

CAN BE LIFTED OR NOT.

THE ONLY WAY THESE KINDS OF SURVEYS HAPPEN

UP AND DOWN THE BAY IS WITH THE HELP OF VOLUNTEERS.

THERE'S JUST NO WAY THAT IT COULD BE COVERED

WITH PROFESSIONALS,

AND THE VOLUNTEERS DO AN AWESOME JOB

DOING THESE KINDS OF SURVEYS, SO IT'S FANTASTIC DATA.

MAN: WE'VE BEEN DOING THIS FOR 5 YEARS...

WOMAN: FOR 5 YEARS. BECAUSE IT'S INTERESTING,

BUT WE WERE BOTH TEACHERS.

NOW WE'RE RETIRED, AND WE WANTED JUST TO SEE

WHAT WE CAN DO TO HELP OUT,

AND IT'S A VERY INTERESTING TOPIC

AND A LOT OF FUN.

IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD,

DATA ARE OFTEN AS PLENTIFUL AND VARIED

AS FOOD AT A FARMER'S MARKET.

IN DEVELOPING NATIONS, HOWEVER, IT'S OFTEN QUITE DIFFERENT.

THE DATA JUST AREN'T THERE,

BUT FOR FARMERS, KNOWING WHAT CROPS ARE SELLING WHERE

AND FOR HOW MUCH IS ESSENTIAL INFORMATION,

AND FOR GOVERNMENTS, KNOWING WHAT CROPS GROW WHERE

IS CRITICAL FOR DEVELOPING FOOD POLICIES

FOR ENTIRE NATIONS.

MAN: EVERY SINGLE DATA POINT HAS A HUMAN STORY.

THAT HUMAN STORY, THE STORY THAT TELLS ME

HOW AGRICULTURE IS LINKED TO NUTRITION OUTCOMES,

HOW PEOPLE MAKE EMPLOYMENT CHOICES,

WHETHER THEY HAVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE,

WHAT DETERMINES THAT?

BEING ABLE TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ARE IMPORTANT,

BUT FOR ME TO ABLE TO DO THAT,

I NEED TO BE HERE, I NEED TO BE ABLE TO OBSERVE IT.

I NEED TO GET TO THIS PLACE.

IT COULD BE 3 HOURS AWAY FROM THE ASPHALT ROAD.

IT COULD BE 15 MINUTES AWAY.

FOR US, IT DOESN'T MATTER.

WE NEED TO GET THERE, WE NEED TO GET IT DONE.

ABDALATI: IN UGANDA, TALIP IS WORKING

WITH LOCAL PARTNERS AT THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS

TO FILL A DATA GAP ABOUT LIVING STANDARDS

ALL ACROSS THE NATION.

I'VE BEEN WORKING WITH TALIP SINCE 2009.

IT ALL STARTED WITH A NEED TO HAVE

ROUTINE, REGULAR, AND RELIABLE STATISTICS.

IF YOU NEED TO KNOW WHERE YOU ARE GOING

AND HOW YOU ARE MOVING THERE,

THEN YOU NEED STATISTICS.

ABDALATI: TALIP, JAMES, AND COLLEAGUES HAVE TRAINED

HUNDREDS OF UGANDANS TO COLLECT

ACCURATE DATA FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS.

THAT MIGHT SOUND EASY, BUT IN A BUSTLING BIG CITY

LIKE KAMPALA WITHOUT STREET NAMES AND NUMBERS,

OR IN THE REMOTE COUNTRYSIDE,

CAPTURING THE DATA THAT CAN SHAPE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IS NEVER EASY.

KILIC: WHEN WE THINK ABOUT A TYPICAL

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INTERVIEW IN KAMPALA,

IN SOME SENSE, GETTING THERE IS A SENSORY OVERLOAD.

WHEN YOU'RE WALKING THROUGH THE STREET OF KAMPALA,

YOU WILL FIND TRAFFIC JAMS,

YOU WILL FIND PEOPLE ON MOTORCYCLES,

GETTING OFF TAXIS,

PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT WALKS OF LIFE,

DIFFERENT ETHNICITIES,

PEOPLE THAT SPEAK DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.

YOU MIGHT FIND YOURSELF IN A VERY BUSY MARKETPLACE

WITH ALL SORTS OF GOODS AND PRODUCE SOLD AROUND YOU,

PEOPLE DOING ALL SORTS OF JOBS.

SO AT THE END OF THE DAY, DOING SURVEYS

IN URBAN KAMPALA BECOMES QUITE DIFFICULT.

HERE IN UGANDA, UH, ROUGHLY 20% OF THE POPULATION

IS ESTIMATED TO BE LIVING IN POVERTY.

SO FOR US TO REALLY END EXTREME POVERTY,

WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO BENCHMARK IT.

WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO MEASURE IT WELL

AND DO THAT IN A SUSTAINABLE FASHION.

MWONGE: MOST OF THE POPULATION IS LARGELY RURAL.

WE HAVE ABOUT 20% LIVING IN URBAN AREAS,

BUT 80% LIVE IN RURAL AREAS.

KILIC: GETTING TO OUR INTENDED DESTINATIONS

IS, UH--IS REALLY ONE OF THE MOST CHALLENGING PARTS

OF OUR JOB.

[MAN SINGING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

THE THRILL OF GETTING TO AN ENUMERATION AREA,

ONE OF 80,000 ENUMERATION AREAS

THAT WE COULD HAVE SAMPLED FROM, PICKING THAT ONE

AND SETTING THAT TARGET AND GOING THERE IS

A THRILL IN AND OF ITSELF,

AND ESPECIALLY IF YOU THINK ABOUT A LANDSCAPE LIKE THIS,

WHICH IS JUST SIMPLY EPIC, IS A ROMANTIC IDEA.

[GOATS BLEATING]

LOOKING BEHIND ME, IT REALLY GIVES YOU

THAT SENSE THAT AGRICULTURE IS A KEY CONTRIBUTOR

TO THESE PEOPLE'S LIVES.

IF YOU THINK BEYOND THIS COMMUNITY,

IF YOU THINK ABOUT UGANDA,

AGRICULTURE IS THE PRIMARY CONTRIBUTOR

TO THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT.

RIGHT NOW, UH, WE JUST GOT DONE MEASURING HER PARCEL.

UH, SO TO CAPTURE THE AREA OF THE PARCEL,

UH, THE ENUMERATOR IS FOLLOWING THE HEAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD,

UH, WALKING THE PERIMETER OF THE PARCEL

SO THAT WE CAN DEMARCATE, UH, THE PARCEL BOUNDARIES,

AND AS SHE'S DOING THAT, THE ENUMERATOR HAS

HER GPS UNIT ON, BASICALLY RECORDING HER TRACK.

ABDALATI: GPS SENSORS GET POSITION DATA FROM SATELLITES,

BUT JUST AS WITH SURVEYS OF TREES, BIRDS, OR BUTTERFLIES,

IT TAKES BOOTS ON THE GROUND,

FEET IN THE FIELD TO ADD THAT LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

WITHOUT WHICH THE DATA WOULD HAVE NO MEANING.

IT TAKES BOTH HIGH TECH AND HUMANS.

FROM THE MOMENT THE INTERVIEWER ASKS

A QUESTION, THE RESPONSE BECOMES

A NUMERICAL DATA POINT.

WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS AND YOU CAN SEE

HOW THAT'S CHANGING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF AFRICA,

HOW THAT'S CHANGING

THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE ECONOMIES

THAT DID NOT HAVE THESE DATA BEFORE.

MWONGE: WE'VE BEEN MONITORING POVERTY SINCE 1992,

AND IN 1992, 56% OF THE POPULATION

WAS POOR IN UGANDA,

AND THAT NUMBER HAS REDUCED TO 19.7%.

IT IS STATISTICS THAT INFORMED

POVERTY ERADICATION ACTION PLAN.

HOW FAR HAVE WE MOVED? WHERE ARE WE NOW?

EVEN WHEN WE ARE LONG GONE, YOU KNOW,

WHO--WHOEVER COMES TO TAKE OVER WILL BE ABLE TO USE

THESE METHODS TO MONITOR CHANGE

AND KNOW, WELL, THIS IS WHERE WE MOVED FROM,

AND THIS IS WHERE WE ARE,

AND SO, TO ME, COLLECTING INFORMATION

AND SEEING IT BEING USED, THAT'S THE SATISFACTION I GET.

ABDALATI: MY BACKGROUND AS A SCIENTIST,

WORKING FOR NASA AND UNIVERSITIES,

HAS SHOWN ME THE VALUE OF THE BIG PICTURE PERSPECTIVE

WE GET WHEN WE LOOK AT THE EARTH FROM SPACE,

BUT DIVING INTO THESE PROJECTS WE'VE COVERED

IN "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD,"

I'VE LEARNED THAT THE UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE,

PEOPLE COLLABORATING AND SHARING DATA

VIA THE CLOUD, IS AN EXCELLENT WAY TO GATHER

THE INFORMATION WE NEED TO HELP SOLVE

THE CHALLENGES WE ALL FACE.

FROM EARTHQUAKES TO EPIDEMICS,

FROM AIR QUALITY TO ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH,

FROM THE HEALTH OF OUR OCEANS TO THE SAFETY

OF OUR DRINKING WATER, CITIZEN SCIENCE

AND CROWDSOURCING DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE,

AND CITIZEN SCIENCE IS SCIENCE.

THE BETTER THE DATA, THE BIGGER THE IMPACT

FOR SCIENTISTS, POLICY-MAKERS, AND THE PUBLIC.

CITIZEN SCIENCE IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE WAY

THAT SCIENTISTS UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND THEM.

CITIZEN SCIENCE ALLOWS US TO BRING TOGETHER

PEOPLE OF ALL CULTURES, MANY DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

ALL AROUND THE WORLD

AND BRING THESE DATA TOGETHER IN A WAY THAT ALLOWS US

TO UNDERSTAND THE WORLD IN A WAY

THAT'S NEVER BEFORE BEEN POSSIBLE.

KERISSA: I THINK A LOT OF SCIENTISTS ARE STARTING

TO RECOGNIZE THAT WE CAN'T DO IT ALONE

AND THAT HAVING EYES ON THE GROUND

AND BOOTS ON THE GROUND IS REALLY THE ONLY FEASIBLE ANSWER

FOR THE TYPE OF DATA THAT WE ACTUALLY NEED TO COLLECT

TO ANSWER SOME OF THE MOST PRESSING QUESTIONS

WE HAVE ABOUT GLOBAL CHANGE.

IF EVERYBODY WOULD TAKE CARE OF THEIR OWN BACKYARD,

THE WHOLE PLANET WOULD LOOK A LOT BETTER.

WHEREVER YOU LIVE, YOU'RE THE ONE WHO NOTICES

WHAT'S HAPPENING IN YOUR COMMUNITY.

YOU'RE THE ONE THAT SEES IT FIRST.

YOU NOTICE THE CHANGES IN YOUR ENVIRONMENT.

DENNY LARSON: AND THAT'S REALLY WHAT THE BUCKET BRIGADE IS,

THE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATING IN RESEARCH

IT'S CONDUCTING ON ITSELF,

RATHER THAN ALLOWING OUTSIDERS TO COME IN

AND DICTATE THE TYPE OF STUDY THAT'S DONE.

SO IF YOU CAN UNITE THE PEOPLE LIVING

ON THE GROUND AND THOSE PEOPLE WHO ARE TRAINED,

IT'S A REALLY STRONG UNION BECAUSE YOU'RE

GETTING BOTH SIDES.

YOU'RE SEEING PEOPLE WHO RECOGNIZE

WHAT'S HAPPENING, AND THEN YOU CAN COMBINE THAT

WITH THE PEOPLE WHO KNOW HOW TO TEST THAT

AND--AND HOW TO ACTUALLY MONITOR IT

AND GET RESULTS.

IT'S SORT OF A NEW WAY OF THINKING ABOUT SCIENCE.

IT'S FUNNY TO SAY IT, BUT IT'S LIKE

IT'S SCIENCE SERVING THE PEOPLE.

SHANNON DOSEMAGEN: WE WANT IT TO BE A TWO-WAY STREET,

NOT JUST INFORMATION FLOWING ONE WAY.

IT'S THE ACT OF SAYING, "WE ALSO HAVE

"OUR OWN STORIES, AND WE ALSO HAVE INFORMATION

THAT CAN BE CONTRIBUTED."

WARREN: WE'RE LOOKING AT EXISTING INSTRUMENTS,

AND WE'RE SAYING, "ACTUALLY, WE COULD DO THIS A LOT CHEAPER.

WE COULD DO THIS A LOT BETTER,"

THAT WE COULD TAKE 10 TIMES OR A 100 TIMES MORE DATA

FOR A FRACTION OF THE PRICE,

AND WE'RE DOING IT MORE OPENLY.

WE'RE SHARING EVERYTHING OPEN SOURCE.

AND BEING ABLE TO HAVE THE TOOLS AND RESOURCES

AND THE DEVICES TO PROVE YOUR POINT.

IT'S ABOUT THE ACTUAL PUTTING TOGETHER

AND ADVOCATING FOR SOMETHING

THAT'S PERSONAL OR INTERPERSONAL

TO AN INDIVIDUAL OR A COMMUNITY

THAT'S BEING IMPACTED,

BUT MOST CITIZEN SCIENCE-- WHEN YOU START

TALKING ABOUT CITIZEN SCIENCE--

THEY--THEY BE TALKING

ABOUT BIRDS AND FLOWERS AND TREES,

BUT WE BE TALKING ABOUT HUMAN BEINGS.

AMY ROBINSON: ALZHEIMER'S IS TERRIBLE.

IT'S HORRENDOUS,

AND IT IMPACTS ALMOST EVERYONE YOU KNOW,

NOT DIRECTLY IN THAT THEY HAVE IT,

BUT THAT ALMOST EVERYONE KNOWS SOMEONE OR WILL KNOW SOMEONE

WHO IS NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE

LIKE ALZHEIMER'S,

AND TO ME, YOU KNOW, IF WE CAN FURTHER RESEARCH

AND IF WE CAN ENGAGE THE WORLD TO MAKE

THESE DISCOVERIES, THAT'S SOMETHING THAT

YOU CAN'T EVEN QUANTIFY THE VALUE OF.

PIETRO MICHELUCCI: UP UNTIL RECENTLY,

WE DIDN'T HAVE A WAY TO COMBINE THOSE PLANETARY RESOURCES,

ALL TEAM HUMAN, IN GETTING EVERYONE

TO KIND OF SUPPORT THIS.

WE'RE TAKING THESE TASKS THAT THE TECHNICIANS DO

IN THE LAB, AND WE'RE PUTTING IT ONLINE

AND WE'RE GAMIFYING IT

SO ANYONE CAN GO ON AND USE

THIS NATURAL PERCEPTUAL PROCESS

TO ATTACK THIS PROBLEM.

CHRIS SCHAFFER: THE RESULTS ARE STUNNING.

THEY'VE, UH, DEFINITIVELY SHOWN THAT THE CROWD

CAN PRODUCE MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION

WITH AS GOOD OF AN ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY

AND SPECIFICITY AS A TRAINED PATHOLOGIST.

AND THOSE FEW MINUTES, MULTIPLIED

BY 10,000, 100,000, A MILLION PEOPLE

GETS THE JOB DONE VERY QUICKLY.

JANELLE ELI: WHEN A BIG DISASTER LIKE THE NEPAL EARTHQUAKE

HAPPENS, THE RED CROSS GETS INQUIRIES

FROM ALL OVER, ASKING WHAT PEOPLE CAN DO TO HELP.

WHAT'S AMAZING ABOUT OPENSTREETMAP IS

THAT PEOPLE CAN HELP RIGHT AWAY BY MAKING EDITS

TO OPENSTREETMAP.

SO, WITHIN 48 HOURS, 2,000 VOLUNTEERS

MADE EDITS TO OPENSTREETMAP TO HELP

DISASTER RESPONDERS ON THE GROUND DELIVER

RELIEF SUPPLIES.

WE LIVE IN THE CONNECTED WORLD.

SOMETHING GOOD HAPPENS SOMEWHERE,

PEOPLE CAN TAKE EXAMPLE.

"HEY, THIS HAPPENED IN NEPAL.

"YOU KNOW, WHY CAN'T WE DO THAT?

IF NEPAL CAN DO THAT, WE CAN DO THIS."

THAT WILL INSPIRE.

JACQUES COUSTEAU SAID, "PEOPLE PROTECT WHAT THEY LOVE."

SURFERS LOVE THE OCEAN,

AND I THINK THAT'S A LOT OF THE MOTIVATION

FOR THEM STEPPING UP AS CITIZEN SCIENTISTS.

I THINK THAT WE SHOULD ALWAYS QUESTION.

I DON'T EVER THINK THAT WE SHOULD BE A SOCIETY

OR A GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT JUST ACCEPTS

WHAT SOMEBODY TELLS US.

THAT'S NOT HOW WE MAKE PROGRESS.

THE FIELD IS GROWING, AND IT'S--IT'S CERTAINLY BECOME

A MOVEMENT, AND A MOVEMENT

THAT'S MAKING A DIFFERENCE.

WE HOPE YOU'VE ENJOYED THESE STORIES

OF PEOPLE JUST LIKE YOU ENGAGED IN GATHERING

AND MAKING SENSE OF DATA ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND THEM.

NEXT, WE INVITE YOU TO GO ONLINE,

FIND PROJECTS NEAR YOU,

AND JOIN IN THIS NEW WAY OF DOING SCIENCE.

TODAY'S CITIZEN SCIENCE IS SERIOUS SCIENCE.

IT'S PERSONAL AND POWERFUL.

IT'S A TOOL THAT'S AVAILABLE TO ANYONE,

AND ITS POTENTIAL IS AS LARGE AS THE WORLD AROUND US.

FOR "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD," I'M WALEED ABDALATI.

ANNOUNCER: "THE CROWD & THE CLOUD" IS

MADE POSSIBLE BY NSF,

THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,

WHERE DISCOVERIES BEGIN.

For more infomation >> Episode 4: Citizens4Earth - Duration: 56:47.

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Mucocele Home Treatment ❤ Home Remedies for a Mucocele - Duration: 4:33.

Mucocele Home Treatment

? Home Remedies for a Mucocele

A mucocele, also known as an oral cyst, mucous cyst, or ranula is a clear bump that can develop

on the lips, floor or roof of the mouth, or tongue.

This type of oral cyst can occur when a salivary gland is injured or blocked.

It mostly results from some kind of trauma to the site, which can be due to injury from

a blow or blunt object or an accidental biting of the soft tissue inside the mouth, especially

due to adjacent teeth.

If the mucocele is small, it is usually painless.

However, larger cysts can cause some pain.

Oral cysts can even be painful to direct touch.

Shallow mucoceles may burst and release straw-colored fluid.

Deeper ones can last longer.

Poor dental hygiene as well as the habit of lip or cheek biting due to stress can put

you at higher risk for developing mucous cysts.

A mucous cyst can cause a lot of discomfort, as it may get in the way of chewing, speaking

and swallowing.

These cysts are usually rounded in shape, bluish or whitish in color and are characterized

a raised swelling.

Mucocele can often be confused with canker sores but keep in mind that mucoceles appear

as raised blisters whereas the latter appear as sores or ulcers.

Luckily, in most cases, mucous cysts dissolve on their own.

However, there are many simple home remedies that can reduce the discomfort and accelerate

the healing process.

Before trying any remedies, you should always have any mouth cyst checked out by a doctor

to rule out more serious conditions.

Here are the top 5 home remedies for mucoceles.

Honey

Honey is one of the best remedies to treat a mucocele.

The soothing and anti-inflammatory nature of honey can help relieve the pain and inflammation.

Its antibacterial properties help prevent infection and also accelerate the healing

process.

Mix together 1 teaspoon of raw honey and � teaspoon of turmeric powder.

Apply the paste on the affected area and leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes.

Then, gargle with lukewarm water.

Repeat 2 or 3 times a day.

Also, apply honey on the affected area before going to sleep every night.

Simply applying manuka honey on the affected area a few times a day will also help in healing

a mucous cyst within a few weeks.

Salt

A mucocele can be effectively treated using salt.

Salt has many healing properties that help treat the problem.

It helps remove all the mucus from the mucocele fast and reduces pain and inflammation in

the area.

Thoroughly mix 1/2 tablespoon of salt in 1 cup of warm water.

Use the solution as a mouthwash.

Repeat 3 or 4 times a day.

Ice

Ice can numb the pain and irritation associated with large oral cysts.

This makes ice one of the most effective remedies to treat a mucocele.

Wrap a few ice cubes in a thin washcloth.

Gently place it on the affected area for 1 minute to get relief.

Repeat a few times a day.

Also, you can sip cold water from time to time to ease the discomfort.

Glycerin

Glycerin is another effective home remedy to treat a mucocele.

It has antiseptic and healing properties that help fight the microbes causing the infection.

It also keeps the affected area well-moistened, which is essential for quick healing.

For oral use, it is highly recommended to use vegetable glycerin.

Dab vegetable glycerin on the affected area.

Allow it to sit for as long as you can, then rinse your mouth with cool water.

Repeat 3 or 4 times a day.

Also, use a glycerin-based mouthwash to rinse your mouth several times daily.

Moist Tea Bag

Moist tea bags can be used to cure a mucocele.

Tea contains tannic acid, a kind of astringent that helps reduce pain and inflammation and

speeds up the healing process.

After steeping a cup of tea using a tea bag, chill the bag in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.

Gently press the chilled, wet tea bag over the affected area for about 10 to 15 minutes.

Do this 2 or 3 times a day until the oral cyst is gone.

For more infomation >> Mucocele Home Treatment ❤ Home Remedies for a Mucocele - Duration: 4:33.

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Anderson Cooper 3/31/17 : Time for the Trump to grant Flynn immunity - Duration: 41:41.

For more infomation >> Anderson Cooper 3/31/17 : Time for the Trump to grant Flynn immunity - Duration: 41:41.

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Episode 1040 | THE LINE: Possible Furloughs for State Employees - Duration: 10:44.

>> WELCOME TO THE LINE. GOVERNOR SUSANA MARTINEZ SAID

RECENTLY SHE IS PREPARING TO FURLOUGH SOME STATE WORKERS.

THE GOVERNOR DID NOT AGREE WITH THE BUDGET PASSED BY THE

LAWMAKERS DURING THE 60 DAY SESSION.

SHE ALSO INDICATED SHE WILL CALL THEM BACK TO SANTA FE FOR

A SPECIAL SESSION TO CONTINUE DEBATING THAT SAME BUDGET.

WITH ME THIS WEEK TO TALK ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS FOR

POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY ARE THIS WEEKS PANELISTS, FORMER

STATE REPRESENTATIVE JANICE ARNOLD JONES; FORMER NEW

MEXICO STATE SENATOR, MARK BOITANO IS HERE; LAURA

SANCHEZ-RIVET, SHE IS AN ATTORNEY AT CUDDY & MCCARTHY,

LLC; AND FORMER STATE SENATOR, DEDE FELDMAN IS WITH US.

THE GOVERNOR'S VIEWS ON THE CURRENT BUDGET, IS VERY

DIFFERENT FROM WHERE DEMOCRATS WERE THIS PAST SESSION,

PARTICULARLY WITH TAXES. ARE WE AT THE END OF THE

CERTAIN ROAD WITH GOVERNOR'S RHETORIC HERE WHEN IT COMES TO

TAXES? SOME THINGS ARE SNEAKING UP

AND SAYS IF WE ARE AS BROKE AS SHE SAYS WE ARE, WE NEED

REVENUE. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

>> GOOD QUESTION. WHERE WE ARE GOING IS

INCREASING VITREAL BETWEEN THE GOVERNOR, WHO IS STUCK IN THIS

POSITION OF NO NEW TAXES WHEN WE HAVE A STRUCTURAL DEFICIT

DUE TO THE FACT THAT WE HAVE GIVEN AWAY MUCH OF OUR

REVENUE, PREVIOUSLY, BY TAX CUTS.

AND NOW WE NEED TO DO SOME SERIOUS THINKING ABOUT

REVISING THE TAX CODE AND NOT CONTINUING TO CUT.

REMEMBER, THE STATE HAS ALREADY DONE A 5% ACROSS THE

BOARD CUT. WE HAVE CUT EDUCATION, RAIDED

THEIR RESERVES. WE HAVE DONE IT THREE TIMES

NOW THIS YEAR AND SHE WAS GIVEN A CHOICE OF TAX REMEDIES

AND SHE COULD VETO SOME, SHE COULD SIGN SOME IN ORDER TO

BALANCE THE BUDGET, BUT SHE CHOSE NOT TO DO THAT OR SHE

SEEMS TO BE. SHE HASN'T ACTED ON THE BUDGET

YET BUT SEEMS CERTAIN SHE WILL VETO IT AND ALL THE TAX

MEASURES. >> WHAT IS THE END GAME AS FAR

AS YOU'RE CONCERNED? WHERE DOES THE GOVERNOR TAKE

IT FROM HERE. WE HAVE TO BALANCE THIS

BUDGET. WE NEED MONEY.

>> WELL, I MEAN, THE TANK IS EMPTY.

SO, SHE TALKED IN HER STATE OF THE STATE ADDRESS ABOUT 10,000

JOBS IN HER ADMINISTRATION. IN THE RICHARDSON AND JOHNSON

ADMINISTRATION WE WERE TALKING 10 TO 15,000 JOBS A YEAR.

NO RESERVES. OIL AND GAS IS DOWN BUT THIS

IS THE FOURTH QUARTER FOR HER ADMINISTRATION AND YOU HAVE TO

THINK ABOUT YOUR LEGACY. CAN YOU SAY GEORGE H.

W. BUSH, NO NEW TAXES AND HOW THAT BECAME A PART OF HIS

LEGACY. IT IS KIND OF INTERESTING.

GARY JOHNSON RAN ON TAX CUTS, BILL RICHARDSON WAS A TAX

CUTTING GOVERNOR. I DON'T KNOW IF YOU REMEMBER,

RUSH LIMBAUGH USED TO TALK ABOUT HOW MUCH HE LIKED BILL

RICHARDSON AS GOVERNOR AND GOVERNOR SUSANA MARTINEZ RAN

ON A PLEDGE OF NO NEW TAXES. IT IS PART OF HER LEGACY AND I

THINK LEGISLATORS NEED TO REALIZE, SHE IS NOT GOING TO

FOLD ON THAT, THAT HAS TO BE A PART OF THE MIND SET WHEN THEY

GO INTO THE NEGOTIATIONS. >> RIGHT.

>> JANICE, ARE WE BROKE? THE GOVERNOR SAYS WE DON'T

HAVE ENOUGH DOE BUT FOLKS SAID WE ARE FUNDED THROUGH THE END

OF JUNE. WHAT IS RIGHT HERE?

>> I WOULD SAY, SO, WITHOUT ANY COMMUNICATION, WITHOUT THE

GOVERNOR'S OFFICE ACTUALLY COMING TO THE PUBLIC AND

SAYING, HERE ARE NUMBERS, I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE NUMBERS

ARE. BUT, LOOKING AT THE NUMBERS,

I -- THE POSITION OF FURLOUGHING EMPLOYEES, I FIND

TO BE SPECIOUS AND DISRESPECTFUL, BECAUSE IF YOU

REALLY HAVE THAT PROBLEM THEN THE ONE THING YOU HAVE TO DO

IS, A, RESPECT YOUR EMPLOYEES AND LET THEM KNOW IT IS THAT

SERIOUS, BECAUSE THEY ARE YOUR GREATEST ADVOCATES.

I DON'T THINK WE ARE AT THAT PLACE, BECAUSE THE NUMBERS

DON'T SUPPORT IT AS NEAR AS I CAN TELL AND I AGREE WITH

SENATOR BOITANO, I DON'T BELIEVE THE GOVERNOR WILL SIGN

ANY TYPE OF TAX INCREASE, BUT I ALSO WANT TO LAY AT HER DOOR

STEP THE FACT THAT THE CITIES AND COUNTIES ARE RAISING TAXES

AND LOAD SHIFTING TO ME IS RAISING TAXES, I AM SORRY.

THAT IS A LOAD SHIFT. >> PICK UP ON THAT IF YOU

WOULD. PEOPLE, FOLKS AT HOME, THEY

ARE ENDING UP WITH THE RESULT OF THIS, AT THE END OF THE

DAY, AREN'T THEY? >> RIGHT.

WELL, THAT IS THE UNFORTUNATE PART USING A STICK WHEN THERE

IS NOT NECESSARILY A REASON TO DO SO AT THIS POINT.

THERE HAS OBVIOUSLY BEEN A LOT OF WORK PUT INTO A BUDGET THAT

IS BEFORE HER, SHE IS REFUSING TO CONSIDER IT AND THREATENING

FURLOUGHS AS A STICK TO TRY TO GET PEOPLE --

>> FURLOUGH IS ONE THING BUT WHAT DOES SHE EXPECT FOLKS TO

DO IN REACTION TO FURLOUGHS? DOES SHE EXPECT DEMOCRATS TO

DROP THE IDEA -- >> IT IS SCARE POLITICS USING

THAT AS, THIS IS WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IF YOU DON'T COME TO

THE TABLE AND RESTRUCTURE THIS BUDGET THE WAY THAT SHE WANTS

IT. AND I THINK THAT IS A PROBLEM.

>> WHAT IS INTERESTING, FURLOUGHS ACTUALLY BOTHER ME A

LOT. BECAUSE, I THINK THAT ONE

ASSET WE HAVE IN GOVERNMENT IS OUR EMPLOYEES AND YOU NEED TO

RESPECT THEM BUT WE HAVE A GREAT HISTORY, A LONG HISTORY

OF THREATENING FURLOUGHS. OF THE 10 MOST IMPORTANT, ONLY

FIVE ACTUALLY RESULTED IN THE RESPONSE PEOPLE WANTED BUT

WHAT WAS KEY IN ALL OF THE FURLOUGHS WERE THE EMPLOYEES

THEMSELVES HAD TO BECOME ADVOCATES AND THE ONLY WAY

THEY BECAME ADVOCATES IS IF THEY KNEW WHAT WAS GOING ON.

SO, IF THERE IS A COMMUNITY BREAK DOWN, I SEE THIS MOST

LIKELY BACKFIRING RATHER THAN BEING PRODUCTIVE.

>> INTERESTING. I APPRECIATE WHAT JANICE

MENTIONED THERE, BECAUSE ONCE AGAIN FOLKS ARE IN THE

BUSINESS OF ACCOMMODATING TOURISTS HERE IN OUR STATE,

ARE THE FIRST ONES ON THE CHOPPINGS BLOCK.

SEEMS ODD TO ME. >> JUST AS WE ARE GOING INTO

THE SPRING AND SUMMER TOURIST SEASON TO SAY WE ARE GOING TO

FURLOUGH STATE PARK EMPLOYEES, MUSEUMS AND THAT KIND OF

THING, REALLY DOESN'T SEEM WISE.

WE HAVE DONE IT ONCE BEFORE. RICHARDSON DID IT ONE TIME AT

THE END OF, I THINK, THANKSGIVING AND CHRISTMAS,

JUST CLOSED DOWN THE MUSEUMS FOR ONE DAY AND THERE WAS A

REAL BIG BACKLASH AGAINST THAT.

I HEARD IT FROM MY CONSTITUENTS, NOT JUST THE

PEOPLE THAT WORKED AT THE MUSEUM BUT THE RESTAURANTS

THAT SERVED THE TOURISTS THAT CAME ESPECIALLY ON HOLIDAYS.

>> DON'T FORGET THAT GOVERNOR RICHARDSON ALSO SHUT DOWN THE

TRAVEL STOPS, THE ONES -- AND THAT WENT ON IN HIS LAST TERM

AND IT JUST DIDN'T END UNTIL GOVERNOR MARTINEZ CAME IN.

>> SEE NOW THAT SANTA FE IS THINKING, ACTUALLY, ABOUT

FUNDING THE TRAVEL STOP BETWEEN ALBUQUERQUE AND SANTA

FE. I MEAN, THAT IS CLEARLY A

STATE FUNCTION. THAT IS CLEARLY A STATE

FUNCTION. THE ONE NEAR RATON PASS HAS

BEEN -- THE RESTROOMS HAVE BEEN CLOSED DOWN FOR A YEAR.

I MEAN, YOU SEE PEOPLE OUT IN THE FIELD AND THEY ARE COMING

INTO NEW MEXICO FROM COLORADO. WE ARE A LAUGHING STOCK, I

THINK, IN SO MANY RESPECTS, AND THIS IS ONE OF THEM.

>> I ASK AGAIN, GUYS, THERE HAS TO BE AN END GAME.

SOMETHING HAS TO MOVE HERE BECAUSE AGAIN IF WE GET --

LET'S SAY WE GET TO THE END OF JUNE AND WE REALLY DON'T HAVE

THIS RESOLVED. WE HAVE A SPECIAL AND

SOMETHING STILL DIDN'T GET RESOLVED.

AT SOME POINT TAX INCREASES HAS TO BE SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED

LAURA SANCHEZ-RIVET. I DON'T GET WHAT THE END GAME

IS HERE. AT THE END OF THE DAY, WE SHUT

DOWN THE STATE? >> I DON'T THINK ANYBODY IS

GOING TO WIN. THAT IS A PROBLEM.

YOU KNOW, SENATOR BOITANO TALKED ABOUT THE LEGACY.

ULTIMATELY, WHATEVER SHE PROMISED AT THE BEGINNING OF

WHEN SHE WAS FIRST RUNNING, HER LEGACY WILL BE THERE WERE

SERIOUS PROBLEMS WITH STATE GOVERNMENT.

THERE WERE ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS THAT WERE CUT, PEOPLE HAD A

REAL PROBLEM, I MEAN. WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT

STATE WORKERS AND FURLOUGHS, WE ALSO ARE TALKING ABOUT THE

RIPPLE EFFECT OF THEM NOT HAVING EXTRA DISCRETIONARY

INCOME. IT AFFECTS PRIVATE BUSINESS AS

WELL BECAUSE OF THAT AND WHAT DEDE SAID ABOUT IT NOT BEING

SMART TO SHUT DOWN MUSEUMS AND PARKS, STRATEGICALLY TO SAY

THAT IS WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO, THAT IS ANOTHER SCARE

TACTIC RIGHT? TO SAY, AS WE GO INTO THE

SPRING AND SUMMER, TO SAY, WELL THIS IS WHAT WE ARE GOING

TO DO AND THINK ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THAT, THAT IS SORT

OF TRYING TO USE THAT AS A THREAT MENTALITY AND SCARE

TACTIC. AND I THINK, ULTIMATELY,

PEOPLE OF NEW MEXICO LOSE. >> WE CAN'T CUT FOREVER.

THERE IS A BOTTOM TO EVERYTHING.

WHEN DOES IT START HURTING PEOPLE AND END UP COSTING US

MORE MONEY. THE CUTS END UP COSTING US AT

SOME POINT. >> REALLY THE BIG QUESTION IS

WHETHER OR NOT THIS IS POLITICAL GAMESMANSHIP.

SEEMS LIKE THE GOVERNOR IS THE ONLY ONE THAT KNOWS THAT WE

ARE AT A POINT OF FURLOUGHING EMPLOYEES.

LEGISLATURE DOESN'T KNOW. THE MEDIA DOESN'T KNOW.

IT IS KIND OF A SURPRISE FOR EVERYBODY.

YOU KNOW, HONESTLY THERE ARE A COUPLE OF ACES IN THE HOLE

HERE. OIL AND GAS.

A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK IT IS BOTTOMED AND IT IS COMING

BACK. THAT IS A HUGE CHUNK OF

REVENUE FOR THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO.

GROSS RECEIPTS TAX. LOOKS LIKE OUR ECONOMY --

HOUSING IS LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATOR.

THERE IS A BLOOM ON. THE GROWTH, THAT IS COMING

BACK. SO, IT LOOKS LIKE THE FUTURE

IS MUCH BETTER IN TERMS OF REVENUE THAN THE PAST HAS

BEEN. PROPERTY TAXES, THE MAJOR

CITIES, GO UP 3%. IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE A CAP BUT

IT IS ALLOWANCE TO ASSESSORS. STATE GETS A PIECE OF THAT SO

THERE ARE MULTIPLE REVENUE STREAMS THAT ARE GROWING AND

INCREASING, YOU KNOW, YOU COUPLE THAT WITH THIS WHOLE

IDEA OF CAPITAL. WHAT DO WE DO WITH CAPITAL?

ONE OF THE FIST FIGHTS BETWEEN THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATURE

IS HOW MUCH MONEY DO WE WANT TO TAKE OUT OF CAPITAL, AND

OUT OF THE FUND. I AM BOARD PRESIDENT OF A

CHARTER SCHOOL. WE HAVE A NINE MILLION BUDGET.

WE HAVEN'T HAD TO GO INTO OUR RESERVES SO GOING INTO SCHOOL

RESERVES FOR SOME SCHOOL DISTRICTS, MAYBE A BIG ONE

LIKE APS IS A BIG DEAL, BUT THERE IS MONEY THERE.

THERE ARE OTHER REVENUE STREAMS, INSTEAD OF INCREASING

TAXES. I DON'T THINK THERE IS ANY WAY

THE GOVERNOR WILL INCREASE TAXES.

>> I DO THINK THERE IS AN END GAME.

IF YOU'RE WATCHING NUMBERS IT APPEARS TO ME THAT BY THE END

OF THE YEAR, RESERVES WILL BE AT ABOUT 20 MILLION.

I BELIEVE THAT THE GOVERNOR FINDS THAT UNACCEPTABLE AND IS

HOPING TO BUILD THAT UP SO THAT PART OF HER LEGACY IS AN

APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF RESERVES AND YOU KNOW THAT IS A GOOD

POLICY. >> NOT BAD AT ALL.

WHEN WE RETURN TO THE LINE, WE'LL LOOK AT MONEY SPENT TO

FIGHT FOR AND AGAINST THE PROPOSED SANTA FE SODA TAX.

For more infomation >> Episode 1040 | THE LINE: Possible Furloughs for State Employees - Duration: 10:44.

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Evening Forecast for March 31 - Duration: 2:41.

For more infomation >> Evening Forecast for March 31 - Duration: 2:41.

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Family Finger (Daddy Finger), Sesame Street w Big Bird, Snuffleupagus, Elmo, Oscar for Easter! - Duration: 10:34.