I'm sure you're all familiar with the count off that the lead musician of a band
calls out in order to get all the players in sync?
When he goes "A one... a two...
A one two three four", and then the music starts.
Well, I'll use that pattern of four beats in order to helps us understand how different
time values can be written down as different notes.
Here is the arrow of time, the past is on the left, the future is on the right.
The simplest way to keep track of music as it plays through time is by drawing a straight
line.
The start is on the left, the end is on the right.
Now, to help us locate ourselves within the music being played,
let's divide this line in segments, called "measures" or "bars".
Each of these segments contains the same number of beats.
By far, the most common number of beats per measure is four,
which is referred to as "common time".
Here's one measure I extracted from our diagram.
As I said, there are four beats per measure.
But how can we write down these four beats?
The simplest way is to use four of these.
This a "quarter note", because one these takes up a quarter of the
time allotted for one single measure And here are four of them within a measure.
The way a musician would read these notes is by playing four seperate sounds of equal
length, 1 2 3 4.
But there are different notes of different durations
that can be used to fill up the same four beats.
The basic notes are the following:
We have the whole note, one of which fills a measure in common time;
the half note, two of which fill a measure in common time;
the quarter note, seen just a moment ago; the eighth note, eight of which fill a measure.
the sixteenth note, with sixteen notes per measure,
And then we have the thirty-second note, the sixty-fourth note, the one-hundred-twenty-eighth
note, and so on.
However, we can only go so far with having different ways of writing down
how long a SOUND should last.
There's also the LACK of sound that should be written
when we need silence in between the notes.
That's why for each note, there's an associated "silent note", or better called a "rest".
We have the whole rest, the half rest, the quarter rest, the eighth rest,
the sixteenth rest, the thirty-second rest, the sixty-fourth rest, and so on.
Allright, all this being said, let's see some examples using real music.
But beforehand, two short but important sidenotes.
First off: any notes with a stem can be written with
the stem either going upwards or downwards.
It all depends on what's prettier to the eye and what's easier to read
when things get a bit crowded on the page.
And sencondly: any note which carries a flag can usually
be linked to any other note with a flag right next to
it.
The link itself is called a beam, and the grouping of the notes in this way
creates a more intuitive way to see how these shorter notes are subdivisions of
one beat.
All this is all very quickly explained, but the guiding principle behind written music
is always the same: Keep things as clear and orginized as possible.
Now here are some examples:
Here's "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star": (one two three four)
Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are.
Next example, "Somewhere over the rainbow": Somewhere over the rainbow, way up high.
And yet another example, "Hotline Bling": You used to call me on my cellphone,
late night when you need my love.
And one last example, "Can't keep my hands to myself":
Can't keep my hands to myself, no matter how hard I'm trying to.
Phew, that was fun!
Now here's a brief overview: In common time, we have four beats per measure.
The whole note and the whole rest last the whole measure.
They therefore take up all four of the beats.
The half note and the half rest last half a measure.
They therefore take up two beats each.
The quarter note and the quarter rest last a quarter of a measure,
so they take up a single beat each.
And then we go into notes and rests that are subdivisions of the beat:
Notes with one flag, they are first subdivisions of the beat,
Notes with two flags are the second subdivision of the beat,
With three flags are the third subdivision of the beat, and so on.
Now let's just take a break.
That'll give you time to let things sink in until the next video.
On my side, I'll create some more examples, and I'll post a link to that video once it's
ready.
So, until then, take care, and see you later!
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