[music playing]
  [electrical sounds of data]
  - Good morning.
  Uh, good morning.
  crowd: Good morning.
  - Welcome.
  This is the 2016  NASA Ames Summer Series,
  which is sponsored by  our Chief Scientist Office
  and also,  our Women's Influence Network
  is helping to co-sponsor  this special event today.
  Today's presentation,  which is entitled,
  "How to Create  a Social Movement"
  is going to be given by  our wonderful guest speaker,
  Miss Elizabeth Nyamayaro.
  She is the Senior Advisor  to the Under Secretary-General
  and the global Head  for the HeForShe Initiative.
  This is a global  solidarity movement
  which seeks to engage  men and boys
  as advocates  for gender equality.
  Prior to UN Women,
  she was the Director of External  Affairs and Policy, Africa,
  and part of the Corporate  Strategy Office at Merck.
  Miss Nyamayaro holds an MS  in poli--in politics from the
  London School of Economics  and Political Science.
  I want you to please join me
  in giving a very special welcome  to our guest speaker,
  Miss Elizabeth Nyamayaro.
  [applause]
  - Thank you, Karen.
  Good morning, everyone.
  crowd: Good morning.
  - What if I told you
  that there's a solution  that could change
  many of the things  that you thought possible,
  a solution that could  make you happier
  and positively improve  the relations in your life?
  What if that solution also  had enormous economic benefits
  from increasing  your team's productivity
  to enhancing  NASA's overall innovation?
  And what if that same solution
  could benefit the US economy,
  increasing GDP by $1.2 trillion,
  according to  a McKinsey 2016 report?
  And what if those benefits  were not just US specific,
  but could bring 12--  $12 trillion
  to the global economy?
  And that same solution
  could also bring  other societal benefits
  from putting an end
  to one of the world's  greatest inequalities,
  impacting more than half  of the world's population
  to addressing one  of the leading killers of men
  in the US, which is suicide.
  That same solution
  could also decrease  global poverty
  and end world hunger.
  The solution  of which I'm speaking
  is the fundamental equality  of women and men.
  Today I'm here to talk about
  "How to Create  a Social Movement."
  And although  it may not appear so
  in the same  on the surface,
  we're all in the same business:  movement.
  Different kind of movement,  but movement nonetheless.
  At NASA, you are moving  our sensibilities and knowledge
  to the highest and furthest  reaches of the universe,
  while at UN Women,
  the United Nations Global Entity  on Gender Equality,
  we are moving towards  greater acceptance
  of a long-overdue concept
  that women and men are equal.
  Today, that's the kind  of movement
  I'm going to be talking about:
  mobilizing people  towards social progress.
  I should begin by stating
  an important point  of clarification.
  Just as there's no consensus
  on the definition  of "a social movement,"
  there is also no one way  to go about
  creating a social movement.
  So the insights from today
  are not based  on general observation
  of social movements at large,
  but rather from lessons learned
  from being on the front lines  of the HeForShe movement.
  Let's go back to the beginning.
  HeForShe was launched  on September 20, 2014,
  when a young woman stood  in front of a large audience
  at the United Nations  to deliver a simple message.
  [mouse clicking]
  - Today, we are launching  a campaign called "HeForShe."
  I am reaching out to you  because we need your help.
  We want to end  gender inequality.
  And to do this,
  we need everyone involved.
  This is the first campaign  of its kind at the UN.
  We want to try and galvanize  as many men and boys
  as possible  to be advocates for change.
  - That young woman  is Emma Watson, British actor
  and UN Women  Global Goodwill Ambassador.
  With that invitation,  she ignited
  a momentous movement,
  galvanizing more than  100,000 men
  to the cause  in just three days.
  Within a week  after launching HeForShe,
  at least one man in every  single country in the world
  had answered her call,
  creating more than  1.2 billion conversations
  on social media.
  And with that,  the HeForShe movement was born.
  Technical issues.  [crowd chuckles]
  - We're NASA.  - Okay.
  Like with any g--  any good strategy...
  It's all right.
  Okay.
  Like with any good strategy,
  HeForShe came into being  by asking why.
  Why is it that despite  the universal belief
  that all human beings  are created equal,
  there continues to be disparity  among genders?
  Why is it that despite  concrete evidence
  that show that equal societies  are good for families,
  for communities,  for business,
  for government,  and even for social development,
  there continues to be  gender inequality?
  And according to a report  from the World Economic Forum,
  it could takes us,  at the current rate of progress,
  81 years to achieve  gender equality
  and 118 years  to achieve equal pay.
  By asking why, we realized
  that we needed  to think differently.
  We needed to challenge  the status quo.
  We needed to dismantle  the notion
  that gender equality  is a zero-sum game,
  that women win and men lose.
  This is not so.
  This is about creating  better societies for everyone,
  one that creates more  opportunities and benefits
  for everyone  and all of society.
  We realize that  a whole-of-society issue,
  such as gender equality,
  requires a whole-of-society  solution.
  It's a new paradigm,
  but it's a better paradigm.
  This became our vision
  to create a solidarity movement  for gender equality,
  HeForShe.
  Thus the first  important component
  to creating a social movement
  is to have a clear vision.
  Social movements  that enjoy lasting success
  have a core purpose  and core values
  that remain fixed  while their strategies
  adapt to  an ever-changing environment.
  Vision provides guidance  on what to change
  and what to preserve,  uh, in the moment
  of the evolution.
  The second component  to building a social movement
  is to have  a simple activation.
  Most successful social movements
  have a clear and simple  call to action.
  And sometimes the name  becomes the rallying call,
  eliciting an immediate response.
  Now this is a--  not an endorsement
  of any of these movements,
  but to illustrate a point,
  some of the movements that  have been successful in the US
  include things such as  same-sex marriage,
  Occupy Wall Street,
  Black Lives Matter,
  and Yes We Can.
  Equally with HeForShe,
  the call to action is simple.
  It's about he supporting she,
  about men and boys
  raising their hands  to be counted.
  Initially, this seemed  kind of--kind of, uh,
  counterintuitive.
  Surely, you can't  change a world
  by asking men  to raise their hand.
  But we knew that this  was a very complex issue,
  with different  social and cultural nuances.
  So the simple activation  provided an entry point
  for men to join the movement.
  And through that,  it inspired action
  that we had not even  anticipated.
  For instance,  one man in Africa
  started a husband school.
  He literally  went around his village,
  handpicking the men that were  abusive to their wives,
  and committed to turn them into  better husbands and fathers.
  In the Netherlands,  a young man,
  recognizing that there continues  to be a disparity
  in terms of funding  for women and girls programming,
  organized a bike-a-thon
  and rode from his country  of Netherlands
  across two continents  and all the way to South Africa
  to raise funds  for gender equality.
  In some cases,  these were simple activations,
  such as men stepping up  to share parental
  and home--uh, household,  uh, responsibilities.
  The men were finding solutions
  that were personal to them  in their lives
  and in their own communities.
  Their equality stories  became thought-starters
  for other men  and would inspire them
  to take further action.
  Which brings me  to the third component
  about how to create  a social movement.
  Responsive listening.
  Traditionally, organizations  try to use people
  to move their organization  forward
  and often forget that people  need to see the value
  and the direct benefit to them.
  Successful social movements
  look at how they can use  the organization
  to move the entire  community forward.
  With HeForShe,  we knew that our role
  would need to be  that of facilitators.
  And to be a good facilitator,
  we needed to be good listeners.
  So therefore,  responsive listening became
  and has remained a  core component of the movement,
  allowing key findings  to help us inform the strategy
  without losing focus  of our vision.
  One such key finding
  came just two weeks  after the launch of HeForShe
  in the form of a letter  from a young man
  here in the US.
  He shared with us  a very powerful story
  about his upbringing,
  about being raised by  a single mother in the Bronx,
  about the struggle  that he faced to provide
  for him--for his mother  and his five siblings,
  which led him  to a life of crime.
  One evening during a robbery,
  he accidentally shot  the homeowner.
  And as the woman lied  on the ground,
  taking her last breath,
  he stood there  and he felt absolutely nothing.
  Because as a man  he wasn't allowed
  to show any emotion.
  He wasn't allowed  to feel anything
  because as a young boy,  his mother had told him
  that boys don't cry.
  And on the streets,
  his friend had  told him to man up.
  And so the young boy  ended up in prison.
  And then one afternoon,
  whilst watching television
  he saw Emma Watson  deliver a speech at the UN
  about the HeForShe initiative.
  And all of a sudden,  something incredible happened.
  He was filled with emotion.
  And for the first time  in his adult life,
  he broke down and cried.
  In his letter,  he included
  an image of a bird  flying out of a cage,
  a metaphor of how  the speech had liberated him.
  And he wrote,
  "While I remain consumed  with loneliness
  in my tiny prison cell,
  I feel free."
  [mouse clicking]
  His letter shifted  our realization
  that HeForShe was not just about
  breaking barriers for women.
  It was about freeing all of us,
  giving us the freedom to be  who we truly are,
  to be strong and emotional,
  to be vulnerable and real.
  By late 2015,  there were more than 250
  HeForShe student clubs
  that had emerged  on college campuses,
  powered by the passion  of the millennials
  to change the world.
  And so we took  our responsive listening
  on the--on the road,
  visiting college campuses  in the UK and France.
  It was there  that student activists
  would remind us  that gender is no longer
  neatly divided  into two categories.
  That the gender binary  of male or female
  is an outdated idea  that no longer reflects
  how millennials feel  about themselves
  or those that they love.
  The students were seeing  very clearly for the first time
  that inequality has  a direct impact on all of us,
  no matter how we identify  or express our gender.
  And so now HeForShe's  not just about men,
  it's a radically inclusive  movement
  that allows everyone  to not only express this belief
  but also to act on it  in meaningful ways.
  And that's really one  of the most challenging aspects
  of a social movement,
  how to translate  the momentum of activism
  into tangible social change.
  We know that not all  social movements
  result into change and impact.
  But the successful ones  have one thing in common.
  They are impact driven.
  The last component focuses  on measurable results
  with key milestones  to track towards progress.
  The Gay Rights Movement,  for instance,
  has focused on the key issue  of same-sex marriage
  as a measurable milestone  of progress.
  The Civil Rights Movement  and the Women Rights Movement
  both made voting rights  an essential milestone
  in tracking towards progress.
  HeForShe is focusing on  generating and creating impact
  at both the local,  national level
  and at both individual  and institutional level.
  We have created partnerships
  with heads of states,  with corporations,
  with universities,
  to really move the needle
  on this issue  of gender inequality.
  The commitments  that we have seen
  in a handful of examples  from our IMPACT Champions,
  uh, have been really remarkable.
  For instance,
  the government  of Sweden and Iceland
  have all committed  to ensure equal pay
  for all of their citizens  by 2022.
  In fact, in Iceland,
  they will start auditing  every company
  from the big corporation
  to the small company  that employs three people
  and then ensure  certification towards equal pay
  such that by 2022,  companies working in Iceland
  will need to give  their employees equal pay.
  In another example  out of Africa,
  Malawi has committed  to end child marriage,
  which is a big issue  on the continent.
  And last year,
  we saw 330 child marriages  being annulled
  and 175 girls  were sent back to school.
  On the corporate side,
  PwC, another HeForShe  IMPACT Champion
  as we call them,  also committed to ensure
  that there is parity  at the board level across PwC.
  And in the past six months,
  they've gone from having  20% of women
  to 45% of women.
  Twitter, another  IMPACT Champion of ours,
  also recently announced
  a gender-neutral  parental leave policy,
  giving all parents  20 weeks of paid leave.
  Let me talk  about the universities,
  two very quick examples.
  University of Waterloo,  which is
  Canada's leading  engineering school,
  has committed  to close the gap on STEM.
  And last year--
  and they will do this  for the next five years--
  they introduced the first-ever  HeForShe scholarships,
  awarding six female students  to study STEM,
  um, at--at--  on their campus.
  Uh, and of course here
  at the University of--  of Stony Brook,
  which is a leading  public university in the US,
  they've also committed
  through their  Masculinity Center,
  which is the only one in the US,
  to help us  deconstruct and redefine
  the issues of masculinity.
  So as I end this talk
  about how to create a movement,
  I would like to turn back
  to your kind of movement
  and borrow a quote from somebody  who taught the world
  a little bit about that.
  Johannes Kepler  is quoted as saying,
  "Truth is the daughter of time,
  and I feel no shame  in being her midwife."
  Through Kepler as a midwife,
  time has taught us  that the planet orbits the Sun
  in an eclipse and not a circle.
  Through the midwifing  of so many other
  social movements  before HeForShe,
  including the  Women Rights Movement,
  time has taught us  about the power of individuals
  to create change  and move humanity forward.
  So as you, the bright minds  here at NASA,
  continue to unlock  some of the secrets
  and truth of our universe,
  may we work together
  to midwife another great truth,
  the fundamental equality  of women and men.
  Thank you.
  [applause]
  - A few questions?  Will you do a few?
  - Yes, yes, absolutely.  Yes.
  - Okay, so if you have  some questions,
  we have a little bit of time.
  And we'll have mics,  I believe,
  that will be ready--  uh, there they are--
  uh, if you have a question,  just raise your hand
  and we'll get those started.
  Okay?  Yes?
  [squeaking]
  Hello.
  - Oh, maybe you can just  hear me better this way.
  Um, thank you so much  for that talk.
  That was really beautiful.
  Um, I'm really happy  to hear about this movement.
  I had never heard of it before
  so it's really great  to bring it to Ames.
  Um, one thing that  I've been wondering about
  in terms of social movements  in general:
  how do you invite other people
  who might s--who might  feel ostracized
  or like they're part  of the problem?
  How do you invite them  and make them feel comfortable
  and--and willing  to contribute to the solution?
  - One at--one at a time?  - Yes.
  - Well--well, thank you  for your--for your question.
  It's exactly the foundation  of HeForShe, in fact.
  And to give you  a quick background,
  um, this was not  an easy initiative to launch.
  Um, initially there was  a lot of pushback,
  which, you know,  I can respect
  and understand where  it was coming from
  because traditionally,  the issue of gender equality,
  uh, has often been  associated with women.
  And it's been a movement  for women, led by women.
  Um, and it's also  been interesting because
  sometimes guys don't even know
  that they have a gender.  [laughs]
  Because it's, you know,  you say "gender"
  and, "Oh, that's about women.
  It's got nothing to do with us."
  Um, and so...
  [laughter]
  So, um, so we--
  so we realized that we needed  to find a way
  that we could  bring everybody together
  and really create,  uh, a solidarity movement.
  So HeForShe  was that way of--
  of bringing together  men and women,
  and in fact all genders  for that matter,
  to all rally around,  which we think it's--
  it's an important  societal issue.
  It has nothing to do  with women.
  It is really about  social progress
  and it's about  human rights as well.
  - Okay.  Another question in the back.
  - Hi, um, uh,
  at what point do you  equate inequality to inequity?
  - Um, a very important question
  and something that we get often
  because yes,  there is the inequity,
  which is a really big issue.
  But given the global mandate  of the UN,
  uh, we are working in every  single country in the world.
  And I think before  we can even get to inequities,
  there are some  very basic fundamental rights
  that are still not there.
  So with everything else  that's going on,
  with limited resources,
  the biggest focus is to address  the issue of inequality.
  But of course in--  inequity is something that,
  you know, we also look at,
  but maybe not at the scale,
  um, that we're able to--to do  the inequality piece first.
  - Okay.
  Yes, here?
  - Yeah, I have two questions.
  The first question  has to do with an organization
  called "Vital Voices."
  I suspect you're familiar  with them?
  - Correct.
  - Um, there are lots  of movements like yours.
  Is there an attempt  in the United Nations
  to bring these movements  together?
  - Yes, so,
  I had an interview,  actually, last week.
  And, um, a journalist  asked me a question
  which seemed quite obvious  to me,
  but obviously  was not that obvious.
  And he said,  "It's fascinating that you
  have called HeForShe  'a people's movement.'
  Why isn't it a UN movement?
  I would think you'd want  to leverage the UN brand."
  And we said, "Actually,  it is a people's movement
  because people  create movements."
  And so certainly,  one of the things
  we're trying to do  with HeForShe is that,
  how do we almost remove  the UN from the process
  and really make sure  that it's about partnerships?
  And hence the--  the IMPACT Champions
  that I spoke to you about.
  It's looking at how can we  not duplicate efforts,
  but again use  our convening power as the UN
  to provide a platform that we  can amplify other voices.
  So, indeed, we are working with,  uh, so many partners.
  And--and--it--an important one
  to point out is MenEngage,
  which is the largest coalition  of men organizations
  working on issues  of gender equality.
  But you--you raised  a fantastic point
  and it's something  that we're very conscious of.
  And this is why  this is not a UN movement,
  it's a people's movement.
  - So my follow-up question is,  um,
  if you consider  Maslow's pyramid of needs,
  you're sort of up  at the very top
  of Maslow's pyramid,  looking at self-actualization
  and--and belonging  and social structures.
  But all the evidence  in the world now
  suggests that the foundation  of that pyramid,
  which is physiological needs
  like food, water,  energy, shelter,
  are all being really threatened
  by changes in climate
  and--and resource limitations.
  Are you working  on this whole pyramid
  or how does this system  sort of fit together?
  - An important background  for you, um,
  which is missing from my speech
  is that HeForShe  is an accelerator.
  It's an accelerator  for UN Women's work,
  UN Women being the Global Entity  on Gender Equality.
  It's an accelerator  for the SDGs,
  which is the UN  Sustainable Development Goals.
  Um, and within the--
  the two arms  that I mentioned to you,
  the mandate of UN Women  is really focused
  on the bottom, as you mentioned.
  Uh, we are in  90 country offices.
  Uh, and where we don't  have an office,
  we work with our sister agencies
  like UNICEF and UNESCO and UNDP.
  But the basic work of UN Women
  is to make sure  that we are focusing
  on the basic needs:  education, health care.
  We focus on issues  of women economic empowerment.
  We focus on issues of political  participation and leadership.
  And the HeForShe,  as an accelerator,
  is looking at,  how can we have--
  as--as I mentioned  to you before--
  a pe--something that's  more external facing
  so that we can almost  address this thing
  from the bottom-up  and top-down approach?
  - Other questions?
  Yeah.  - Hi.
  I'm from  the Women's Influence Network,
  so we're very glad  that you're here
  and we're very happy.
  Um, and so  we'll dive into this
  probably more later  at our 12:30 event,
  but, um, we were wondering--  we were hoping to bring
  this movement to NASA,
  so could you kind of talk about  how we can
  help be IMPACT Champions
  and bring this  into the NASA fold?
  - So this morning  I had the honor to meet
  with your management, and I know  that we have a meeting
  this afternoon  to further explore.
  We are very keen,  as the UN,
  to make sure this is not  a one-off engagement.
  Um, we look up to NASA  as a pioneer
  of innovation  and really taking us--
  making us see the impossible.
  And so we would  very much love for this
  to be a continued partnership
  that we can both learn  from each other.
  - There was another question.
  - Hi, yes, um...
  along the lines of that,  now that we have partnerships
  that can, uh, make things, uh,
  move with more momentum,  but as you start
  with, uh, a new social change,
  how do you deal with, uh,  resistance
  or people who are not  thinking it's--
  it's the next obvious  step towards
  social progress?  [laughs]
  - Yes, so this is,
  I think,  the biggest thing that, um,
  we realized with HeForShe
  was to be able to demonstrate  impact and results.
  Um, as I mentioned to you,  the initial response
  was not positive,
  um, because you had  people saying,
  "Men don't really care  about this issue.
  Why are you even  engaging them?"
  You hear people that say,  "Well, men are the problem,
  then why are you  even engaging them?"
  And I think one of the things  that we nee--we--
  we realized immediately was,
  "Okay, well,  if we're gonna do this,
  we need to be able  to have measurable change
  and--and measurable impact."
  So the partnership  that I mentioned to you
  it's actually  a partnership called--
  uh, it's a pilot,  uh, called IMPACT 10x10x10,
  where we have a partnership
  with ten heads of states,  ten global CEOs,
  and ten university presidents  that have all come up
  with some really  game-changing commitments
  in championing gender equality,  not in the sense
  of "Here's what we're doing  to advance it,"
  but rather,  "Here's--here's what
  we're gonna do to actually  get to the finishing line."
  And through this partnership,  it's measurable.
  Um, so Iceland,  as I mentioned as an example,
  there it's measurable.
  The commitments are public,
  there's annual reporting  and checking of progress.
  And I think  when people started to see,
  you know, girls in Malawi  going back to school,
  when people started to see,  you know,
  the opportunity to have  equal pay or parental leave,
  I think that helped people  to realize
  that this wasn't just  an awareness thing,
  but we actually want to,  you know,
  we want to change the world.
  Uh, and we're doing something  about that.
  - Yes, right here?
  - So when we start  talking about impact,
  and when we put numbers on it,
  like we want half of, uh,  people on the board to be women,
  how do we combat the concept
  that maybe some of them  are unqualified?
  - Yes, it--it's always  a very tricky, um, question
  because even at--  at UN Women level,
  not HeForShe  but as the Global Entity,
  one of the things  we often face
  is quotas or no quotas, right?
  Because you also don't want  tokenism either, you know?
  And I don't think  women want that either.
  You know, we don't want  to be appointed out of tokenism.
  We want to be appointed  because of our qualifications.
  So it's--it's always  a very interesting, uh,
  and delicate matter to manage.
  In some cases, we actually  have to enforce quotas
  because nothing  is gonna happen otherwise.
  Um, and then on the issue--
  the--the framing  of UN Women is not
  that we just want women there,
  but we want qualified women.  We want parity.
  We don't--it's not  a zero-sum game either.
  We don't want more women  than we want men.
  We want to create diverse teams
  of qualified individuals, right?
  Um, to be able to, um,  to progress.
  - May I say?
  And just sort of to add  onto that,
  it's interesting as part  of the conversation, right?
  No one asked if the men  on the board are qualified.
  - That's right.
  [laughter and applause]
  - That's a good point.  - Just saying.
  - [laughs]
  - We have time  for a couple more questions.
  - Yes?
  - Um, hi,  my name is Kate Napier.
  That was a fantastic talk.
  Um, I was wondering  if the HeForShe movement
  has addressed  the ways in which
  all major world religions, um,
  contribute to the oppression  of women, um, through exclusion
  in leadership positions  and oftentimes teachings
  that women should be  submissive to men?
  - Yes, so currently, actually,
  in the Middle East,  our country office
  um, secured funds  from one of the member states.
  And they're carrying out  a huge exercise
  on understanding the issue  of religion and gender.
  But the important thing  to point out
  is that we want to do this  in an inclusive manner.
  Um, it's--it's really  to try and do this
  in an amical,  versus antagonistic, manner.
  So we are working  as part of HeForShe
  with religious leaders,  uh, at community level,
  uh, to help sensitize
  but also to learn from them  what some of the challenges are,
  so that we can do this  in a proactive manner.
  You know, we can't--  and this is why I often say
  you know, we don't own  the HeForShe movement,
  uh, because we would  never know
  how to communicate  to a community
  in--in a certain  cultural context.
  So it's really important,  the partnership thing
  is really key  that it's about empowering
  the local communities,  religious leaders,
  the men in those communities,
  and, of course, the women  in those communities
  to all sit down  and come up with--
  with solutions  that are relevant to their,
  uh, to their situation.
  - So I have a question.
  So I'll actually move  into the light.
  So one of the things that, um,
  you see it's always easier
  to suggest or push change
  in other locations.
  It's usually in your family
  that it's a little harder  to do, right?
  You could always teach,  assign, direct,
  fund, to do.
  But in your family because  you're doing it every day,
  it's hard to see  and hard to change.
  How is this movement  impacting the way
  the UN does its job?
  And do you see any movement
  within the UN?
  - Yes, so also  with the HeForShe,
  um, I was telling the group  that I met with earlier
  that with this  IMPACT 10x10x10 initiative,
  one of the--  in addition to those entities
  coming up  with a game-changing commitment
  uh, they also  agreed to transparency
  around reporting  in its annual reporting.
  And I remember,  you know, getting the--
  some of the global CEOs
  and these are some  of the biggest companies
  from McKinsey to Vodafone  to Twitter to, um,
  Barclays, et cetera.
  Um, and there was  people said, "Well, it's just--
  they're never gonna  release their data."
  McKinsey had never released  their data up until now.
  Uh, and we managed to get them  this year in Davos,
  one year later after  implementing HeForShe,
  uh, they reported their--  their data on--
  on the--sort of the parity  within the company.
  And with that push,
  this also gave us a leverage  to then
  go to the Secretary General  and say,
  "If we are asking our partners  to release their data,
  we also have to release  their data."
  And yes, we did release  our data.
  Um, and it's still--  it's, again,
  it's not as great  as it should be,
  but again, I think transparency
  is--is the starting point.
  You can't fix something  unless you know
  how big the problem is.
  So with HeForShe,  just in the past year,
  we've been able to get the UN  to also release their data.
  - That's awesome.
  Okay, I think we have time  for a couple more questions.
  Yes?  - So regarding the question
  you had...
  - Thanks.
  - So regarding the question  you had--
  or the statement you made  about quotas or non-quotas.
  Doesn't the imposition  of a quota
  sort of foster a spirit  of inequality?
  Uh, obviously  you have to do something,
  uh, to make things equal,
  but doesn't imposing a quota,  um, sort of foster
  this idea that, um,
  these people  need to be stood up for
  and--and that sort of thing  and then
  make people that are, uh,  being supported by the quota
  feel unequal?
  - The Executive Director of  UN Women has a favorite saying.
  She says, you know,  "Certainly a woman can
  break the glass ceiling,  but wouldn't it be nice
  if someone just removed it so  I don't have to hurt my hands?"
  Um, I think it's the same thing  with the issue of quotas,
  unfortunately, that, you know,
  in some cases you have  to have the qu--
  I mean, we wish we didn't  need the quotas,
  but sometimes you have  to have the quotas.
  Especially around, uh,  political participation.
  - Thank you.
  - Okay.  - Yes?
  - Hi, I'm Erika Rodriguez,  also part
  of the WIN organization  here at Ames.
  Thank you for a wonderful talk.
  I had two questions.
  You had mentioned earlier  in your presentation that it--
  the HeForShe campaign  exceeded your expectations.
  And now that you've seen  this huge movement,
  where do you see it  in one year?
  In five years?
  And the second question is,  is there feedback?
  Do you go back  to these countries
  who have started this movement
  and see if they're  really continuing,
  um, the change that they--
  they said they  were going to start?
  - Yes, so--so now, um,
  the HeForShe, having started  as this awareness
  one-year initiative  now becoming
  a core component  of the accelerator
  of the SDGs and UN Women,
  uh, we are obviously,  you know, tracking progress
  until the finishing line.
  Within the IMPACT 10x10x10,
  uh, we've even gotten  even ambitious.
  So the commitments  that I mentioned to you,
  whether it be  around equal pay.
  Um, so we have two companies  that are addressing--
  in addition  to the two countries--
  addressing issues  of equal pay.
  We have an end point of 2020.
  We almost want to frontload  the--the activity
  so that we don't  wait until 2030 to realize
  that we are still quite far  from where we need to go.
  So there is  the annual reporting,
  annual tracking.
  Uh, we meet with these  IMPACT Champions,
  the heads of states,  the CEOs,
  and the university presidents  on an annual basis.
  And in fact, uh,  September 20th,
  which is the second anniversary  of HeForShe,
  it's gonna be at  the General Assembly at the UN.
  And we're launching the, uh,  heads of states' reports
  as well as  the university reports.
  So there is, like,  clear, measurable,
  trackable progress happening  with that--with that group.
  Um, and then in terms of, um--  what was your second part?
  Did I answer the second part?
  - Yeah, you did, and then...  - Yeah.
  - Where do you  personally see it going
  in a year?  Five years from now?
  - Well, if I can  boldly say this,
  we want to end  gender inequality.
  And--and really, I mean,  we are not stopping
  until that's done.
  Um, but again,  the more we can frontload
  the--the work, the better  it's going to be for everyone.
  Yeah.  - Okay.
  I think we have time  for one more at least, Jacob?
  Okay.  Yes?
  - Hello, my name's Alejandra,
  and I wanted to thank you  very much
  for coming today at NASA Ames.
  Um, and I wanted to know
  if you could give advice--
  there's a lot of interns here--
  um, on how to advocate  for the HeForShe campaign
  and gender equality,  um, globally.
  So what advice  would you give us?
  Really quickly.
  - So the--the first,  as a reminder again,
  I firmly believe  and we firmly believe
  that people create movements.
  And so it's gonna take  all of us.
  Um, and it--  it can be as daunting
  as it should be  because sometimes
  you sort of feel,  "Where do I even start?"
  And so we are trying  to really make this
  as bite-size as possible.
  I think the first thing is go to  the HeForShe-dot-org website.
  Um, read some material.
  Within that website,  we're sort of giving you
  some thought-starters and ideas
  on what you can do  to support gender equality.
  We've also identified  sort of key priority issues
  that, you know,  we think we need more work
  to be done on those areas.
  And also giving you ideas  on how you can be part of this.
  But again, some of these things  are very simple,
  and Jacob already spoke  about this.
  It all begins in the home,  right?
  Um, and we all have  a responsibility.
  And I often am baffled  when men, you know--
  when women say,
  "Whoa, these men  are just horrible men."
  And I think,  "Well, they didn't
  just, like, emerge  from a jungle somewhere."
  You know?  [laughter]
  - Just spring up.
  - Just, like, raised by, like,  animals or something.
  I mean, we--you know,
  mothers also have  a responsibility.
  You know,  we are raising those sons.
  We are raising  those daughters.
  And I think just having  that awareness in the home.
  Um, I mean, I remember--  you know,
  I'm from Africa,  so gender disparity
  has always been part and parcel  of my upbringing.
  But I even know now,  living in the US, and I go out
  to my friend's house.  - Mm-hmm.
  - And, you know,  they're supposed to be
  much more enlightened than  perhaps I thought I was
  living in Africa, but you still  have mothers saying,
  well, you know, "Don't play  with your brother's toys."
  And the brother has trucks.
  You know,  "Here's your doll for you."
  Um, and really  sort of creating this--
  this sort of inequality  right--right off.
  Or--[stammering]
  the boys should  stay out of the kitchen.
  Let the girl cook.
  So--so I think  really starting from that,
  and--and as young people,  we obviously want your energy.
  There's more than 250  HeForShe clubs.
  Going back to your school,  start a club.
  Educate your--  your, uh, fellow students.
  And sign up  to the HeForShe movement.
  We still need more people.
  - Thank you very much.  - Okay.
  - And I'm just gonna  piggyback onto that...
  - Yes?  - All of you Ames people
  out there,  all of you interns,
  all of you folk  who are here today,
  you got some homework, right?
  Go check out the website.
  Find out how to join.
  Start the conversation.  - Mm-hmm.
  - You have to start it here.  - Yes.
  - I totally agree with you.
  I have grandsons  and granddaughters
  and you would not believe  the conversations we've had
  around the color pink.  - Yes.
  - They're only four,  but they're very vocal
  about who should wear it  and who shouldn't.
  And we're slowly but surely  changing their minds.
  You can imagine.
  I'll bring you pictures
  of my grandsons in pink shirts
  and my granddaughters  in blue boxers, like--
  But we definitely want to start
  by having the conversation.
  And don't stop when the  conversation gets uncomfortable.
  - Yeah.
  - Right?
  Right?  - Yes.
  - Push through.  - Yes.
  - Have the conversation.  - Yeah.
  - We are grateful.  Thank you so much
  for coming today.  - Well, thank you for having me.
  - And we invite you back.  - Absolutely.
  - Right?
  So, please, let's give her  a wonderful, warm thank you.
  [applause]
  - Thank you, Karen.  - Mm-hmm.
  Miss Elizabeth Nyamayaro.
  Thank you.
  [musical tones]  [electronic sounds of data]
  
        
      
 
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