don't be
not special
huh
there are many things in the history of
the world that were once thought to be
impossible
Oh si
you're healthy forever
that's pressure cut off
as a earth speeds around the Sun over
60,000 miles per hour we are coming to
realize more many of the obstacles and
problems that they confront us are the
reality merely opportunities
opportunities to break free or fears
ancient turbulence and we are
discovering too that the very process of
freeing ourselves forces us to learn
more and more about ourselves and the
world in which we
two thousand years people are assumed
that there was a schism between the mind
and the body there was the intellect and
there was emotion but only until
recently we realized just how much of
the time we actually influenced the
ongoing physiological activity in our
own bodies by what we think about for
every every stimulus every stimuli in
your environment that impinges on an
organism is reflected to some extent
physiologically but the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration a
number of scientists are deeply involved
with programs that foster the
development mine as a psycho
physiologist I study the ways in which
people adapt adjust to stressful and
violence and working within the space
agency really affords a rather unique
opportunity for a psycho physiologist to
see people working at the limits of
human capability if it's possible to
understand the ways in which people
adapt to the unusual environment of zero
gravity and sustained weightlessness
sustain the long-duration manned
spaceflight that it's possible to
understand really how people adapt to
unusual environments on
there are many lessons to learn from
nature and from the universe through
which our world spins
chief among these is the fact that the
world is changing rapidly and at a rate
faster than our most sophisticated
technological inventions can perceive or
record as with humans strive to be paid
for these changes the development of the
human mind becomes increasingly crucial
to our survival what I began to study in
graduate school was a psychosomatic
health if the mind can make you sick the
man can make you well and that's
essentially the basis of the research
that are in cell hundreds of researchers
now are working on within an area called
behavioral medicine are you measuring
here oh well you know imagine EKGs here
but you remember that major symptoms
that you show the first and second test
or heart rate changes and you showed
significant constriction of the blood
vessels in your hand so if you just
remember those two exercises and keep
your breathing case you should be okay
in this test okay
dr. Patricia Collins is a psycho
physiologist whose specialty is
behavioral medicine she's one of a
growing number of women working at the
highest levels of responsibility in the
scientific community of Messer
the research will help to unravel some
of the mysteries of survival in outer
space SCA pilot Fitz Fulton is called
out proper separation altitude
five-four-three-two-one we do have
separation chase plants are calling
clear you are better has bounced over it
is now on its way to the final descent
to the runway it was in the early days
of the space shuttle when he was first
testing its wings that women and
minorities began entering the
professional ranks of NASA truly
Phillips was one of of women
palettes me are there Joey
yeah you are gonna clear speech three
hours and you're after
should we make it your father said the
orbiter is coming in over the runway at
Edwards we should have touchdown
momentarily
the more you think about the more
apparent becomes that hearing
televisions will be of increasing
importance in the future survival of
human race on this spaceship Kolber
we are learning to respect that
intelligence in whatever form or color
it appears where the first Space Shuttle
was tested in the mid-1970s the director
of the Space Shuttle operations at
Dryden was an X F Force test pilot named
Ike Gilliam since that time Gilliam has
been promoted to the position of
Director right in Space Center in
California it was from him that the
first female and minority group
astronauts received an introduction to
the enterprise
NASA's first space shuttle wingtip to
wingtip is base we're in the baseline on
the tennis
still standing about 700 degrees
temperature
I asked temperature-resistant what
leading edge of the wing this reinforced
carbon-carbon and you'll notice when we
get around part the tip of the nose in
the 21st century the ranks of our space
travelers must be filled with people of
not only high intelligence but great
stamina because the challenges of outer
space will be many each one of those
challenges will represent a seed of
opportunity for human growth
to achieve this growth old prejudices
taboos habits of human thought must be
cast aside for the safety and survival
of a spacecraft depend on the excellence
both mental and physical or or onboard
how do these newest space travelers feel
about being astronauts
when you were first made aware of the
fact that you had been selected
how did you react to that well you have
to appreciate I was in the middle of
writing a PhD thesis and that tends to
swamp out a lot of other things and I
was obviously very excited and I
remember the morning and the whole day
in fact quite well and it was a very
happy and very excited but then all the
press activity took off at such a
tremendous rate to that that sort of
masked over personal celebrations and
personal reactions it was an incredibly
busy and exciting day but it was just a
great big blur I happened to go to a
school for my bachelor's degree where
grades were not actually given you were
given a pass or a fail and your critique
was written by the professor how well
you had done in the class didn't get
just a letter grade by the authority
vested in me by the Senate of dalhousie
university I had met you to the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy with all the
rights and privileges thereto pertaining
and I congratulate you
but still I always found it my
performance in the class was best my
results from the professor's were best
when my own motive was to learn the most
I could and as I say I never aimed for
the space program as such all I really
thought about was that nothing was worth
doing unless you were willing to do what
was needed to do the job well
self-discipline I think is the top the
most important factor and I think it's
also important to realize the
responsibility that each person has
towards all the other people around them
waxing philosophical I think we show
each other many many lessons just in day
to day life and we can learn a lot from
each other we can give a lot to each
other and that will only be that will
only reach its highest point of each of
us individually tries to do the best we
can that's true for high school exam or
a PhD or being an astronaut you can't
you can't just do it for yourself it
does count
you
reaching reaching the highest point this
is the dream that has sailed across the
skies of a human mind for a very long
time that highest point is the point at
which we achieve excellence in whatever
we do but that excellence must start
here on earth in the objects and
structures we build and in the many jobs
we perform at NASA
there are numerous jobs each crucial to
the space programs ago I volunteer
hazardous operations such as
construction sites making sure that they
are following osha standards the
occupational say you can help act we're
mostly concerned with investigating
potentially hazardous situations on the
job for both contractor and NASA
personnel and most anything that's
potentially hazardous I became a safety
specialist through a specialty training
for entry professionals and we go
through the process of just applying for
the job then were evaluated and selected
Brenda Willis is one of a growing number
of women were deeply involved in the
various programs and projects of NASA is
it necessary for a person to have a PhD
to advance in the workforce of NASA not
at all
there are so many different ways in
which a person can pursue a new career
within this organization how did you get
your start miss Willis in high school
they have the program you know where
they will go around and recruit students
that were interested in the secretarial
field who had had some experience and
typing and shorthand and things of that
nature and I started out in the clerical
field with NASA and by taking the civil
service exam you know I became came into
NASA as a clerk typist and just worked
myself you know right up through the
ranks by going to college in the
evenings I worked on the shuttle program
since I've been working here at NASA
with the five and a half if you count
the contract time six and a half years
that I've worked here and it's very
fascinating especially when you watch
the shuttle and that orbiter just blasts
then it lands on target if you get you
get goosebumps knowing that you were an
active part in making history happy well
the space program has always held a
fascination to me I can remember that
when they first landed on the moon we
set up all night my mother was making
hot chocolate and she was sitting there
we were all of us kids were sitting
around the television said waiting for
the purple people to come out and lead
up the astronauts so I have to admit
that I never believed that I would
actually be here taking a part in all of
this technology and all of this going to
the moon and unique happens
Shirley Chevalier is an electrical
engineer on the Space Shuttle Shirley
Chevalier how did you become an engineer
I graduated from a high school that had
a senior class of about 38 people and
it's a simple Texas town of about 2,000
people so if you were considering a
profession you either had the doctor who
was a role model or you had the school
teachers who were role models and I was
afraid of the sight of blood and
teachers didn't make enough money so my
oldest brother was in his sophomore year
in college majoring in civil engineering
when I graduated from high school so I
about that time he asked me well what
are you what are you gonna do I said
well I imagine I'll go to college he
said well what are you going to major in
I said I don't know maybe engineering he
says well forget it said I'm a felon and
engineering is roughly said I don't
think you could make it in engineering
and I said well I think I can he's in a
way what which one are you gonna major
in
as well how many cans do the have and he
says well that's civil engineering
architectural mechanical and electrical
and I said with one of the hardest he
said electrical engineering so I said
okay I'm majoring in electrical
engineering and I graduated in May of
1971 with the debris and electrical
engineering
today women are pursuing a wide variety
of careers in space and science taeksoo
Norman for example she first came to
NASA as a research scientist since that
time she has worked in several other
fields her current job involves work in
aerial and satellite photography but we
use both aerial photography and
satellite imagery to help in analysis
vegetation in Austria there are two you
two pictures which were taken from a
side-looking angle at 65,000 feet their
color infrared pictures and we use color
infrared because it tells us more about
the vegetation on the ground whether
it's healthy or whether it's diseased or
at stake and these pictures are of
Northern California the Eureka Humboldt
Bay Area you can see the mountains in
the background that have snow on them
and if you look closely you can also see
it a little bit of the curvature of the
earth ok well I think let's see where to
now this one is the map of the state of
California that shows the places where
as the satellite passes over it takes
sort of one picture what made you think
initially of a career in space well
there were quite a few number one when I
was going to school I didn't I would
didn't belong to a very wealthy family
and so I really wanted to get a job and
go to college and you know have
something where I could could make some
money so to speak and they had the Space
Act you remember where they would give
students loans if you would go into
science and I didn't really have enough
money to go to school and my family
didn't have an
money either so by taking science
classes and well just the whole impetus
of the space program in the early 60s I
was able to get loans to go to school so
that was part of it because they would
give me loans as long as I was in
science but I also wanted science you
know I felt the natural inclination
toward that as opposed to English I'm
not a very good speller and I can't
write very well so it seemed like my
what was me was really science I kept
flunking English in them but her types
of things like what about the business
of your being a woman here do you feel
you have encountered any kind of well
special problems working here because
you are a woman well any special
problems I think the answer is yes I
mean if you if you're gonna be honest
you have to say yes they're just not
that many women in the professional or
scientific field so you find yourself
being a minority in the midst of in a
sense not a minority women are half the
population but when I first came to Ames
there was one other woman in my group of
about 30 men and no minorities um the
present group I'm in as you can see
there are a lot of women and just having
the the opportunity to talk with other
women and share experiences at least for
me has been really helpful and um kind
of fun too and I think in that sense it
is changing the world is changing
changing rapidly and so are our thoughts
on ourselves and those around us
this is Sharon or can ski she's a
computer specialist at NASA
how did she begin her career when I went
out looking for a job I had sent out 85
applications and I went to a lot of
different companies in the area and a
lot of the companies were production
oriented and you do one thing to fit the
needs of the company and when I came
here I mean I'm seeing simulators and
wind tunnels and animal centrifuges and
all kinds of neat planes Learjets I mean
that's that's just really exciting
for me to work on it and every job is
different I can't say that I've ever had
a job that repeats a second job I mean
they're they're all so very different
and I enter a new field every time
what happened was when I applied here
there was a person in front of me I
couldn't get in there's like the veteran
points and I have no veteran points or
any kind of points so they were gonna
bring me in on a special 5x5 program
that's where you work halftime and go to
school halftime and get paid full and so
I applied for that and I applied to
Stanford University got accepted but
then NASA had a regular position for me
so I just came in as a regular NASA
employee NASA Ames employee do you find
that you have encountered any problems
working at NASA I mean because you are a
woman um I would say maybe not having
the background that a lot of the men
have had is as um as children you know
you grow up and your dad shows you how
to fix a car or to fix the stereo I
never had that kind of training as a
child and I feel I mean I never I never
did anything with circuits until I got
into engineering I mean I just never you
know toy around with it and that really
holds me back I mean just getting out
there and get your hands dirty I have a
little slow app I'd see that maybe he's
being a woman holding me back um as far
as dealing with people I'd almost say
they're more willing to deal with me
because I'm I'm a little bit different
you know they want to see oh what's a
woman engineer really like it seems you
have been a part of the NASA team have
you found that um you encounter any
problems seeing a woman I think I have
more problems by virtue of the fact that
I'm short I'm the shortest person in my
lab um most of the people who work here
or older than I am a majority of them
are men I really don't have that much of
a problem working with people who are
older than I am
because as it turns out they realized
that I'm the principal investigator and
I'm the one that's directing this
program and you can get people to work
with you without being pushy and telling
them what to do you simply explain to
them that it's the best idea you know or
that it's for all unusual benefit being
short is a little difficult though do
this do that everybody seems to be told
of it but what are you gonna do I'll
wear heels a lot as we approach the 21st
century there is much to learn about our
world and ourselves this learning occurs
best in a climate of equal to attained
in that sunny climate human intelligence
trust and total commitment can prosper
we become the winning team for our
purposes of testing equipment that we no
longer have need for that we gave that
up about three years ago but that is
where the water immersion facility will
be built I would like to go into space
for a couple of reasons the space
program meets my particular academic
needs gives me something that's
intellectually challenging also
physically challenging but much more
important I think that man needs
something to dream about we've explored
our world era fairly thoroughly I
realized that there
oh she's remaining that isn't the net
straight quarters of our world but
there's really just two frontiers left
the ocean in space and I'd like to be
part of that effort I certainly feel
that women are are here to stay as part
of the space program you know this time
all the women selected were selected as
mission specialists I certainly feel
that in future selections with women
training as pilots that there will be
women's like it as pilots on I think
we're here to say who is to say who will
succeed or fail in any
we Earthlings undertake for is there
really any difference between the minds
of males and females the women of NASA
don't think so and neither does NASA for
it is generally agreed that differences
in performance occur when there is a
difference in opportunity to learn and
to gain experience when I was picked
about a year so I'll go to be a backup
payload specialist on us our dress
rehearsal of a space shuttle flight I
was I was afraid at that time because I
thought well maybe maybe I really can't
do it but as it turned out I was picked
because of the investigators who had
submitted experiments just as it'll be
for an actual flight the the payload
specialists the scientists astronauts
are chosen because maybe there's some
particular characteristic of their own
experiments that would make them
themselves be the the best person to
conduct an experiment and also because
their background their educational
background is varied enough to be able
to adequately carry out and other
people's experiments onboard and as we
went through the simulation I found out
that I could learn what I had to learn
that I was doing just fine
and so as we approach the 21st century
drifting through the universe at almost
a thousand miles per minute increasingly
we are coming to realize that equal
opportunity intelligence excellence and
teamwork rather than race creed color or
sex are the keys to success in space
travel whether we happen to be aboard
the space shuttle or on board our
mothership
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