Hormones That Rule Your Pregnant Life.
It doesn't seem quite fair to accuse your hormones of causing every bloat, blemish and
emotional outburst during pregnancy.
But the truth is, the potent cocktail of chemicals really is guilty as charged.
And everything that's happening to your body these days — both the good and the not-so-good
— can be pinned on them.
Here are the important hormones involved in your pregnancy.
Number 1.
FSH.
Follicle stimulating hormone is the first in a cascade of hormones that's necessary
to launch your pregnancy and is present before you even conceive.
Number 2.
LH: Luteinizing hormone works in concert with FSH to orchestrate your menstrual cycle.
Both FSH and LH are inactive during pregnancy itself.
Number 3.
hCG.
Once egg meets sperm, human chorionic gonadotropin steps in to amp up the production of estrogen
and progesterone.
It also suppresses your immune system to support your growing baby.
HCG is the key hormone that's present during pregnancy.
It's produced by what ultimately becomes the placenta.
Its basic job is to tell a woman's body that there is a life form growing in her womb and
that her body needs to build a nest for it.
HCG also tells the ovaries to shut off the production line of maturing an egg every month.
Levels rise eight days after ovulation, peak at 60 to 90 days and then lower slightly,
leveling off for the remainder of the pregnancy.
Typically, during the first 10 weeks of your pregnancy HCG levels double every two days.
HCG circulates through the body and is eliminated in the urine (which is what over-the-counter
pregnancy tests are looking for -- a high concentration of beta HCG in the urine that
indicates you are, indeed, pregnant).
Number 4.
Progesterone.
Progesterone is made early in pregnancy by a cyst on the ovary called the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone until about 10 weeks, when its production
is taken over by the placenta.
In the first trimester, levels of progesterone rise exponentially, and then they plateau.
Progesterone does some very important jobs along the way: It keeps the uterus muscle
relaxed and plays a role in the immune system helping the body tolerate foreign DNA (that
is, the fetus).
Progesterone relaxes all smooth muscle (most important, the muscle wall of the uterus or
"womb") in the body.
It also leads to relaxation of the blood vessels throughout the body, prompting lower than
normal blood pressure and occasionally dizziness, as well as all the not-so-fun gastrointestinal
symptoms of pregnancy that include heartburn, reflux, belching, nausea, vomiting, gas, and
constipation.
Progesterone can also increase hair growth -- you may notice unwanted hair on your breasts
and lower abdomen, for example.
Number 5.
Estrogen.
Like progesterone, estrogen is secreted by the corpus luteum until the placenta takes
over.
This pregnancy hormone plays a key role in the development of the fetus, with several
organs and other bodily systems in the fetus triggered into development by estrogen.
Once you've reached the end of the first trimester, your body has higher levels of circulating
estrogen, and then the levels plateau.
The role of estrogen is super-important: It helps to stimulate hormone production in the
fetus's adrenal gland, it stimulates growth of the adrenal gland, and it enhances the
mother's uterus, enabling it to respond to oxytocin.
Number 6.
Relaxin.
This hormone is known mostly for relaxing your muscles, bones, ligaments and joints
later in pregnancy in preparation for labor.
Number 7.
Placental growth factor.
By promoting blood vessel growth, this hormone supports the increased blood volume necessary
to nourish your baby.
Number 8.
HPL.
Human placental lactogen prepares your breasts to breastfeed.
Along with placental growth factor, it's produced by the placenta to adjust your body's
metabolism to feed your baby.
In some women, HPL and placental growth factor are thought to block insulin, resulting in
gestational diabetes.
Number 9.
Oxytocin.
Though it's present throughout your pregnancy, this muscle-contracting hormone is mostly
known for stimulating labor contractions.
Number 10.
Prolactin.
This hormone causes your breasts to increase in size and eventually produce milk.
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