This is Odin, also known as the All-father.
He will become the wisest and most powerful of the Norse gods, but not yet.
For now, he hangs from Yggdrasil, the world tree that holds all nine worlds together,
with a spear lodged in his chest.
He will hang there for nine days, and nine nights, on the border between life and death.
All the while, he peers down into the magical waters of the well below, calling out for
the godly knowledge of the runes.
Satisfied with his sacrifice, they emerge, revealing to him their wisdom and bestowing
him with great power.
Odin had given himself to himself.
Or, more specifically, he sacrificed his present-self for his future-self.
It's no coincidence that he had to perform the greatest sacrifice for the greatest reward.
This story is, at the least, a metaphor for self-sacrifice or self-discipline.
And, it's one that we have been telling for generations.
Humanity has held the virtue of self-control in such high regards that it's a staple in
most religions and the moral of many myths.
In Christianity, the first sin - eating the forbidden fruit - was a lapse in self-control.
In Greek mythology, evil entered the world when Pandora could not control her curiosity
and opened the box.
This myth, in particular, has even entered our everyday language.
If I want you to avoid a temptation, for fear of causing disastrous consequences, I might
warn you against "opening Pandora's box".
The elevation of this virtue to religious and mythic proportions highlights a commonly
held belief: self-discipline plays a huge role in leading you to your best future, as
in the case of Odin, or your worst one, as with Pandora.
If this is true, it seems like it would be great if we could all have some more self-discipline.
But, what is self-discipline?
People often use the term to describe someone who makes "good" long-term decisions by overcoming
short-term temptations and that's reasonable.
But, when you ask them how they overcome these short-term temptations, they often invoke
some sort of *will* or *willpower*.
What *will* actually means isn't really obvious.
But, before we get to that, let's start at the beginning: the decision.
At any point in time, you're making a decision on how to act.
The difficulty arises when you have to make a decision between what's immediately gratifying
versus what is not gratifying now, but will be in the future.
In other words, the difficulty lies in delaying gratification.
But, what causes you to not act impulsively?
The reason for any single decision you make is multivariate: genes, hormones, evolution,
social environment, physical environment, past experience, context of the situation,
and a multitude of other factors all play a role.
But, the most immediate cause of any of your actions can be traced back to your brain activity.
When discussing self-discipline, one of the best places to start is with the neurotransmitter
dopamine.
In his book *Behave*, Robert Sapolsky puts forth an example that clarifies at least one
of the primary roles of dopamine in our brains.
Let's say that I take a monkey and stick him in a cage.
Now, I put a lever in there that, if he pushes it 10 times, rewards him with a raisin.
Next, I turn on a light that comes on before the lever enters the cage.
In other words, the light signals that the lever will be entering the cage which, in
turn, signals that the monkey will be able to get a raisin.
As a result, the monkey learns to associate the cue (a light) with the reward (a raisin).
Interestingly, the monkey will begin to release more dopamine in response to the light than
he does when consuming his reward.
Contrary to popular belief, *dopamine is about anticipation more than it is about reward
[8]*.
Certain cues in our environment hint at a potential reward and dopamine starts to rise
in anticipation.
*Dopamine is what gets us to take action with respect to a goal [8].* So, how does this
relate to self-discipline?
Let's say that you're deciding between an immediate reward and a delayed reward.
When you think about the immediate reward, dopamine is sent to certain parts of the brain
known as limbic targets [8].
When you think of the delayed reward, dopamine is sent to a different part of the brain known
as frontocortical targets [8].
If the part of the brain associated with delayed reward is more stimulated, you're more likely
to delay gratification [8].
Again, dopamine plays a role in *driving* our action.
So, how does your brain decide how much dopamine is sent to each part?
Again, this comes down to several complex factors such as past experiences, genes, hormones,
social environment, physical environment, the context of the situation and so on.
But, pragmatically, the brains decision is affected by how pleasurable the reward is
and how much time it takes to get that reward [8].
Here's an example to help you understand it intuitively.
Let's say that I make you an offer: you can have $100 today or $100 tomorrow.
The reward is the same but the time delay is greater in the second scenario.
You'll probably take the $100 today because there's no point in waiting until tomorrow.
But, what if I said that you could get $100 today or $200 tomorrow?
It's more likely that you'll be willing to wait, if an extra $100 is pleasurable enough.
But, what if I said that if you wait until tomorrow, you could get $101.
You'll probably revert back to taking the $100 today.
Your brain does multiple calculations like this every time you decide.
It creates a sense of wanting or reward seeking based on the speed and size of a reward.
So, how do you end up determining what rewards to seek?
To live life is to have desires.
The world fills you up with needs and wants, inviting you to come and interact with it.
Every time you satisfy a desire, you receive an internal reward and a belief forms about
how you did it.
When that desire re-emerges, your brain activates the corresponding belief circuitry and dopamine
releases, in anticipation of the reward, which motivates you to repeat the same action as
before.
In other words, you begin to form a habit.
With each repetition, the neural pathway strengthens and you solidify the habit's role as the solution
to your desire.
Here's the punchline: habits mediate the relationship between an individual's desires and their
environment.
To change the habit, the individual, the environment, or both have to change, and that's why self-discipline
is so hard.
We have little control over the biology that determines our desires.
According to Sapolsky, individuals with ADHD have abnormal dopamine responses when thinking
about immediate rewards vs delayed ones: they're biased towards impulsive action [8].
Individuals who experience a childhood adversity are more likely to have an underdeveloped
frontal cortex, making delayed gratification more difficult [8].
Eventually, we may be able to change an individuals biology using science, but the morality and
long-term consequences of this are questionable.
There is a part of our biology that *is* more malleable: the brain.
An individual can be changed with education.
As people learn more about the world, they can test out new beliefs and reinforce new
behaviors.
But, this leads me to the heart of the issue.
Self-discipline is much more of an environmental problem than it is an individual one.
While an individual can change their beliefs and behaviors through education, the resources
available for education are presented by the environment.
Furthermore, the habits an individual builds to meet their desires are, in large part,
a product of what's available in the environment.
A study done by neuroscientist Carl Hart found that when meth addicts were given a choice
between $5 and 50mg of meth, the addicts took the $5 half of the time [11].
When he increased the value of the cash reward to $20, they almost never took the drug [11].
He found similar results with crack cocaine addicts [11].
Hart suggests that addicts are actually rational decision makers, and will choose not to take
a drug when there are "alternative reinforcers" [11].
It seems that drug habits are more likely to be formed when individuals are in an environment
that offers no alternative or competing ways to meet their desires.
Bruce Alexander found similar results when he conducted his now-famous study: *Rat Park*
[12].
Prior to Alexander's study, it was commonly believed that addiction was caused primarily
by drugs.
When you take a drug, you get addicted.
That's how the story went.
But, Alexander noticed that most drug-related studies occurring at the time placed rats
in isolation.
He wondered if this played a role in the rats deciding to take the drug.
It turns out that it did [12].
When rats were in isolation, it wouldn't be a surprise to see them consume a drug until
they died.
But, when Alexander constructed a "Rat Park" complete with friends, sexual partners, toys,
and so on, rats were much less likely to take the drugs.
Both of these studies present an interesting idea: addiction is much less likely to occur
when you have greater access to alternative ways to meet your own desires.
In his *Meditations,* Marcus Aurelius said that,
We were born to work together like feet, hands and eyes, like the two rows of teeth, upper
and lower.
To obstruct each other is unnatural.
To feel anger at someone, to turn your back on him: these are unnatural.
People are a product of their environments a lot more than we like to think.
By acknowledging this, we can have more compassion for one another but, more importantly, we
can begin helping one another.
By providing people with as many opportunities as possible for learning and alternative ways
to meet their needs, we can eradicate the problem of self-discipline.
For more infomation >> Why Self-Discipline is so Hard - Duration: 9:35.-------------------------------------------
Better packaging is better for the environment - Duration: 1:57.
- I love toys.
My favorite toy brand here at Hasbro
is My Little Pony.
- I have a fantastic job.
I get to play with toys.
- The first thing that everyone will always say:
"Oh, it's so hard to get toys out of the packaging."
- Oh my lord, I'm stuck.
It's incredibly frustrating when you're
sitting with a young child,
and you're trying to get in to open the package for them,
and all they want to do is play with it.
Now I'm going to actually have to undo all of this stuff.
I feel like I'm on a journey.
Just a tad frustrated.
It only took a couple of minutes.
Or longer.
- When Amazon first approached Hasbro
about frustration-free packaging,
it wasn't quite on our radar yet.
- They came to us about reinventing our packaging
and our process around it.
This is a frustration-free package.
Simply open up my package,
slide the insert out,
unhook the tab, and there I have it.
- The core principles of frustration-free packaging
is that it's first and foremost
easy to open for customers,
designed to reduce waste.
It's 100% recyclable.
It was developed with the customer in mind.
- Frustration-free packaging is when the consumer
purchases it online, it arrives to them in that box
without having to go in an extra Amazon box.
So, right there, we're cutting down on waste.
We're allowed to shrink the footprint
of the package quite a bit.
Switching to frustration-free packaging,
we can see a savings of up to 50% or more
in material usage and in shipping volume.
- You feel great about it at the end.
You've opened it up, you have less waste,
it's much easier to grab that stuff
and put it in your recycle bin and go.
- As a parent, as a packaging professional,
I do care deeply about sustainability,
and that's why I want to make packaging
that generates less waste.
(fun music)
-------------------------------------------
When can Kate Middleton wear trousers? The Duchess of Cambridge is rarely seen wearing trousers or j - Duration: 2:41.
Kate Middleton is one of the biggest fashion icons in the UK, and has been since she married Prince William and became the Duchess of Cambridge
Being part of the royal family, the mother of Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis, is expected to follow certain style and fashion guidelines
Many believe one of these is that Meghan Markle 's sister-in-law is not allowed to wear trousers or jeans to royal engagements
So when can Kate wear trousers? Is there a royal rule forbidding it? Or is she simply more drawn to dresses and skirts
As far as we can tell, there is not a royal rule which says females in the royal family can't dress in trousers, as Kate and Meghan have done it several times
However, the reason we rarely see the Duchess in trousers is believed to simply be down to preference
Usually at royal events, Kate will opt for a dress or a coat, or even a top with a skirt
There has been a few occasions the Duchess has worn trousers, but mostly due to an event being sporty, or a little less formal than others
For example, earlier this year, Kate and Wills took off to Sweden for a royal visit where they attended a hockey match
For the event, the Duchess wore black trousers and snow boots, with a black coat and a wooly hat
It's not just sporty events the Duchess dresses down for though, as Kate is also known for making a smart trouser or dark jean looks classy and formal
In June 2017, Kate attended the Docklands Sailing and Watersports Centre. For the event, she teamed a pair of fitted navy trousers with a white blazer and plaid kitten heels
But what do you think, would you like to see Kate wear trousers more? Or do you prefer her in dresses? Have your say in our poll above
-------------------------------------------
Tom Kristensen "Brand Hatch is the toughest track in the DTM calendar" - DTM Brands Hatch 2018 - Duration: 2:38.
I raced DTM a view times at Brands Hatch.
And it's really a challenging circuit.
I love circuits with blind corners, ellovation changes and you have all in a, I would say
it's very much like a motordrom.
It's a small track and it was very challenging and in a way it was both, my best race there
and also my worst race.
2006 we were fighting for the championship and I had pole position, I was leading the race
but suddenly before the end I had a technical problem on the car,
so what could have been fantastic personally turned out bad
and at the end of the day I´d also lost out to Bernd Schneider in the championship.
But I think what the fans should look for is the exciting cars - the DTM cars are extremely
powerful aerodynamically but also in terms of power and in terms of control.
The drivers in the DTM are incredibly talented and they are under enormous pressure to succeed
within this very great battlefield of DTM.
The teams know the infrastructure, know the cars so well so to have success in DTM.
It's very tough for the drivers and when you then combine that one of the toughest,
for me maybe THE toughest track on the calendar, the Brands Hatch Circuit, it's certainly
something which I would love to come out and look for
but now maybe with a cup of coffee in my hand.
What can you say to the English people / to the fans – why do they have to come to Brands Hatch?
What can I say.
I mean, DTM, it speaks for itself.
It's really a great championship.
The cars are very exciting, very spectacular and obviously, nowadays,
it's the best driver of the generation sitting in and trying to compete.
So, get out there, watch them and experience as you know, racing is not what you have to see in TV.
That's maybe if you are in need you can see it on TV.
But racing that is happening live so you have to be on the grand stand and watching.
-------------------------------------------
96m² The Lake House is Designed By Cadi Arquitetura, A Refuge in The Middle Of Nature - Duration: 2:30.
96m² The Lake House is Designed By Cadi Arquitetura, A Refuge in The Middle Of Nature
-------------------------------------------
MY CHANNEL IS ALL AROUND NUTRITION ONLY!!! - Duration: 5:30.
this is like the favorite part of my house is the bathroom I'm in my bathroom
now I like to sometimes sit on the toilet with the seat down
just the fYI and just look out the window and listen to the birds and all
the quietness you might hear a few ac's running but you hear the birds and
different insects and I like looking over there too it's the left of me I
don't know if it looks to the left on the video for you guys on the right but
my neighbor he has a garden and he has on some sunflowers and he has a
nice-sized garden there from either Italy or Sicily so on their primary
language is Italian looks like they have a couple of lemon trees too but it's so
beautiful like over their table is like vines they look like grape vines so the
whole top of the roof is nothing but vines filled in and it looks like a
backyard like say be went to Italy but on today's video is about nutrients in
my whole channels about nutrients I'm thinking about changing the channel name
really soon that's not the most important important part of things that
I need to fix on my channel but everything that I have from day one
talked about whether it was dry fasting when I was just attempting them in 2017
or a big part of my channel is the hundred and four day juice fast juice
cleanse that I had did in lost close to 60 pounds in 104 days 58 pounds to be
exact I lost or then when I had met fasting diva and
tea love we started doing dry fasting again and I was more successful at them
when I started doing them in groups so I'm thinking about just talking strictly
letting you really know where I'm coming from when I'm talking about weight loss
in Phase two for everyone when we get to those points everyone's at a different
point in their life which is maintenance keeping the weight off it all has to do
with nutrients and I don't know how I forgot a big big thing for me something
I've been suffering with for many of years is my anxiety so I'm going to
start talking about how juicing is part of nutrition and helping me with my
anxiety and panic attacks and my weight loss and my eating habits in my snacking
and all of that stuff combined I'm also going to make daily uploads around that
topic which is nutrients because I feel as though it plays a role into diseases
and ailments that you might have diabetes hypertension high blood
pressure weight gain weight loss hair loss hair growth it has a lot to do with
many many many things from A to Z and I think that it's very very important to
stick to this topic nutrients because this is how you're going to ultimately
lose weight is by getting the nutrients so that your body doesn't feel hungry
on all the time even when you're not eating solid foods so what I want to arm
have you guys focus on is where you are where you are at in your weight loss
journey in nutrients if you make nutrients key to your lifestyle whether
it's to lose weight or to you know uh fix a mood swing or hot flashes or
whatever you might be going through acne skins acne prone skin a relationship
issue if you stop focusing on your nutrition it will change a lot of areas
of your life so with all that being said please subscribe to your channel like
and share this video and make it a favorite and I'll see you guys in the
next video bye for now
-------------------------------------------
Introducing our Turbo family | "Your choice is Howden" - Duration: 5:09.
The team at Howden really wanted to tell you all about our fantastic range of
compressors and why we love them so much. So we decided to let them...
Here in Frankenthal. Here in Renfrew. Here in Weihei, we produce our highly
successful turbo blowers ranging from the 200 millimeter impeller up to a two
point two meter design. Giving you world class leading efficiencies and a
reputation for reliability that is unsurpassed. The turbo family of machines
within Howden is a range of centrifugal blowers and compressors that rotate at
speeds up to 500 meters per second and beyond. For wastewater treatment we have
over 6,000 installations across the world. With our HV-Turbo and KK&K
products we are number one in the single stage integrally geared market. By
increasing our range of machines and increasing the family, we have more
experience in our field than any other manufacturer, we can offer you the right
solution. If you need the best we make it, if you need the best we make it, if
you need the best we make it. We are constantly working on new and innovative
solutions for our customer needs just like our EasyAir Turbo high-speed
driven compressor.
Here in China we are producing our brand new high speed drive turbo blower.
Primarily targeted at the water market, the wastewater treatment market, a
virtual standardized machine, plug-and-play concept there's no complex
pipe work, foundation blocks, installation crainage. All those problems that are our
cost of plant, overall cost of plant, the customers have a solution that can
easily be put in place, wired up, piped up to the mains and away they go.
Because we have a machine running on magnetic bearings, there's extremely low
maintenance requirements on the machine, and it's very important to have that
product in the Howden family so we can offer a flow range from the smallest to
the largest. Efficient, high reliability and ease of installation. For the
customer having something that they can basically bring in, set down, connect
power and go..that's their big benefit.
With the invention of the Roots blower in 1854, knowledge keeps being passed
along generation to generation and each generation increasing, adding that
technical knowledge to make it a better product year after year after year. We
handle both air and gas applications it applies to all a wide range of
applications in industry. We develop very tight relationships with our customers
and with our distributors and they become part of our extended family and
it just confirms all that passion and pride that we have have in our products.
We also have the ability to service these machines on a global basis to
serve them in an aftermarket and working as a team to deliver a great product to
all of our customers. And all across the globe all these customers that we serve
really become many of them become very close ties or family ties that we have
in relationships we develop with them. We are also able to assist you with any
upgrade or retrofit work, mechanical, electrical or PLC and process, we believe
in a cradle-to-grave philosophy for our support services and deliver results to
our clients all over the world.
The Howden turbo family of centrifugal compressor provides the highest
efficiency and widest range of turbo compressors available through one
company and the Howden global network of aftermarket services gives customers
that confidence. If you need a Roots blower, turbo small or large, or an aftermarket
support engineer, you need Howden. You need Howden. If you need the highest
availability and reliability your choice is Howden
-------------------------------------------
Why my Gardenia, Gandharaj plant is dropping its buds prematurely - Duration: 4:28.
Hi guys this is Ashish and i
welcome you to my youtube channel.This is my Gardenia plant. In hindi it is
known as Gandharaj. Gardenia plants are known for their strong scented flowers.
It is a summer bloomer and its growing season is from spring to start of
autumn i.e. (March to September). I bought this plant in the month of
March and it had a couple of flowers. The plant has grown well and you can see the
new growth. Plenty of new leaves have come. Last week I was very happy to see
the new buds which had come but my happiness was short-lived. Three days ago
I saw the buds on the soil. They dropped themselves and I was very disappointed.
So I started doing some research. I read few blogs to find out why the buds of
gardenia plants drop. Well what I found was that it is a common problem with
gardenia during monsoon. Few reasons that I got
were changing the location of gardenia plants frequently, in sufficient sunlight,
improper feeding, under watering & over watering. So I started thinking which
reason could be applicable here. The plant is growing in the same spot from
day one, so the first reason of frequent change of location doesn't fit. The next
reason was insufficient sunlight. Friends all my plants get at least 5 to 6 hours
of direct sunlight daily. In fact during summer months I had to put a shade over
them to protect them from sun burns. So again this reason doesn't fit. The third
reason was improper feeding. Now to all my plants every week I give them liquid
mustard cake fertilizer which has a lot of nutrients. You can see the shine on
the leaves yourself. You cannot find one leaf which has a yellow color. Also as it is a
flowering plant, I give it every week liquid banana peel fertilizer which is
high in potassium. Every three months I give them bone-meal which is a high
source of phosphorus. So none of my plants are starving.
They get sufficient food. So again this reason doesn't fit. Also none of my
plants get in stress due to under watering. I make sure that the soil
doesn't get dry and moisture is maintained. So the only reason I find for
bud dropping is because of over watering and I really cannot do anything
here. It's monsoon time and it is raining here every day. During monsoon in Kolkata
it rains every day just like it rains in Mumbai and I think that is the only
reason for buds dropping and I am 100% sure that there is no
chance I will see flowers on my gardenia plant this year. Maybe next year before
the monsoon starts I will see flowers. Over watering could be the only reason
because it was flowering during the month of March and at that time it was
not raining. So friends if your gardenia plants are dropping their buds then
blame the rains. Nothing can be done. It is not possible to keep this plant
indoors as it is an outdoor plant and it needs good amount of sunlight. There is
always next time and hopefully next year before the start of the monsoon it will
surely bloom the buds and will make the garden full of fragrance. So friends if
you have a gardenia plant and you are also facing the same problem then do let
us know what reason you think it could be? Also if you were able to find a
remedy then do share with us in the comment box.
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét