Welcome and thank you for joining me today. My name is Sarah and I'm the
Emerging Technologies Librarian here at Benedictine. Today's workshop is all
about DIY or Do It Yourself captioning. I'm going to walk us through two ways to
generate captions using a tool that most of us are already familiar with: YouTube.
Alright, let's get started. Before we jump into creating our
captions let's go over some terminology. Open captions are captions that are
always in view. They're part of the video file, so the viewer cannot turn them off.
They're easy for the user to use, but they can look blurry when the video gets
compressed, and the caption text cannot be indexed. Closed captions on the other
hand live in a file of their own, separate from the video. That way the
viewer can turn them on and off. You can also save them on a computer and upload
them to any video platform that supports captioning, such as D2L Capture Portal.
This is the kind of captions that we will be making today in YouTube. We'll
also be making a transcript. A transcript contains the caption content in a
separate document, minus the timing information. Usually you'll see it in a
text file or a PDF. Both DIY captioning workflows we'll be exploring today
center on YouTube. YouTube is free, it's easy, and familiar. With a free YouTube
account, you can auto-generate rough captions, transcribe your video
manually, auto sync your transcription to your video, and download your caption
file, all without publicly sharing your video if you want to keep it private.
There is one catch: captioning requires time. But I do find the more you do it
the faster you get at it. And there are some steps you can take to save time,
which I'll be showing you as we go along.
Here is the first DIY captioning workflow. There are
six steps: Record your video and upload it to the video platform where you plan
to host your video, such as D2L Capture Central. Then upload a copy to YouTube as
a private video. From there, transcribe it, sync it,
export the caption file, and then take that caption file and import it into
the video platform where your video will live. The first step is to actually
record your video. There are many tools available
There's D2L Capture, which is available for BenU faculty and staff. There are
also free tools, such as Screencast-O-Matic, which is a
browser-based recording tool where you can record up to 15 minutes at a time
for free. There are also some paid options, such as Camtasia which some of
you might have access to. Also, I just would like to mention that the BenU
Library has several webcams available for checkout at the Lisle Circulation
Desk. I won't go into detail on these recording options since our focus today
is on post-production, but if you have questions about recording software and
hardware, feel free to reach out to me. I'm going to use D2L Capture in my
examples today. When you record and publish using D2L Capture, your video is
loaded directly into your Capture Portal in D2L I've already done this so let's
head over to my Capture Central Portal.
Okay. So once I'm inside D2L, I'll go up here and click Capture Central. From here
I'll go to Presentations. All of my recordings will end up right here.
I can also upload videos that I record using other tools such as such as
Camtasia or even my video camera on my smart phone. I could take those videos
and click this blue button and upload them to Capture Central inside D2L.
So I'm going to go ahead and click the name of the video and choose Edit
Presentation in Post-Production Tool. Video platforms like D2L Capture or
Vimeo YouTube, Kaltura, and Panopto offer a mechanism for adding captions or a
caption file. Here, if you click the Closed Captions tab, you can add captions
manually. So if I were to type in some text right there and press enter you can
see it shows up in my list of captions and also shows up on the video itself. If
you've tried this feature, you probably know that getting the timings right is
challenging and a bit time-consuming. You can also upload a caption file by
clicking this little document icon and selecting the file from your computer.
But first you need to make that file and that's what we're going to do in YouTube.
Creating a caption file in YouTube is much easier than using some other tools.
If you already have the video file on your computer, you're ready to go. You can
upload that video from your computer or device straight into YouTube. If you
don't have a copy on your local machine and you just have it in your hosting
platform, such as D2L Capture Central, you can download a copy first.
We're going to go ahead and do that now. I'm going to close out of this tab and go back
to Capture Central so I can show you the steps as if you're first getting to
Capture Central for the first time. So once you get to the page, you'll click
Presentations, select your video, and go to Transcoding Status. From here I can
get copies of my videos. I'll choose the first one. I'm going to right click
it. Just like I was saving an image from the web to my computer, I would go to
Save Video As, and I'm going to save it in a folder where I will remember where
it is and click Save. Okay, so now I have all the components I
need to move on to YouTube. So let's go ahead open a new tab and go to YouTube.
Okay, so I've already signed in, so I am ready to upload. To upload, I'm going to
click this little upward pointing arrow in the upper right corner. Next, I'm going
to change the status from Public to Private and upload my video. Here it is.
Click Open and it's starting the upload process. While we're waiting for the
video to upload, it's worth noting that for those of you who want to share your
videos publicly, Discovery Digital Networks conducted a study in 2013 and
2014 that found an overall increase of more than 7 percent in views for
captioned videos. Okay, it's almost there. Notice I'm not going to add a title or a
description because I'm going to keep this video private. So I just plan to
create my caption file and then I'll probably delete the video after this. Okay
it's finished, so I'm going to go head straight to my Video Manager. Once I'm in
the Video Manager I can see all of my videos. So here's the one that I just
added. I'll click Edit and now I'm at the main editing portal for YouTube, but I'm
only interested today in Subtitles Closed Captions. Let's go ahead and click
that. It'll automatically ask you to select the language for your video so I
will go ahead and do that. And now I'm ready to add some new subtitles or
closed captions. I'll choose English and I can see the
three different options I have. Now the first option is to upload a file. This is
very helpful if you have already written a script for your video.
If you have, you can simply upload the file. This is the most efficient option.
if you don't have a script choosing Transcribe and Auto-sync is
your next best option. We have the video itself on the left the transcription box
on the right. You can resize that box if you'd like to. And you also have this
check box here: Pause Video While Typing. You'll want to keep that checked most of
the time. This is a very helpful feature. Watch' as I type a few sentences. Notice
that as I type the video automatically pauses, allowing me to catch up.
"Welcome everyone and thank you for joining me today.
[typing]
"My name is Sarah Kurpiel
[typing]
"and I'm the Emerging Technologies Librarian
[typing]
"here at BenU."
[typing]
So as I was typing the video was automatically pausing. At the
end of those few sentences that I typed, I then pressed Shift and the space bar
to pause the video. So there are a few keyboard shortcuts that are helpful and
they're the ones that are also provided via a button at the bottom, so if you
hover over these buttons, it'll give you the keyboard shortcut, and over time
those shortcuts will become more second nature if you use this frequently enough.
So to play or pause you press Shift and the space bar. To go back a second you
press Shift plus the left arrow. And you can press that multiple times to rewind
further. You can also slow down the video or even speed it up depending on your
typing pace.
A few best practices: First, you should transcribe your video
verbatim. However, you can omit ums and uhs. Second, spell out words instead of
symbols. So for example, instead of a slash to indicate division write out "divided by."
Third, avoid abbreviations. Something like S T period could mean saint or street to a
screenreader. Third, identify speakers when it's not
clear who is speaking. Typically you'll see the format of a double chevron or
two greater than symbols followed by a name and a colon in all caps. So if I
were making it clear that I'm the narrator of this video, I would add two
greater than symbols, space, my name in all capitals, colon, space. Now sometimes
you might see this in other formats as well, such as in square brackets. Also,
enclose descriptions of relevant sounds in brackets. So if there were birds
chirping in the background, for example, and you wanted to make sure that that
information was conveyed through your captions,
you could simply type in "birds chirping in the background." Okay.
And there you go. And finally, it's a best practice to get into the routine of
verbally describing key visual information as you speak. This helps
people who are blind or who have otherwise limited vision. For example,
if you show a chart, describe that chart. That way you don't need to provide audio
descriptions. Once you have finished a portion of your video transcript, even if
you're not done, you can click Exit. YouTube will automatically save a draft
of your captions. Alright. I'm going to go back in.
I have already finished a transcription for this video, so I'm going to go ahead and
paste that in now and press Set Timings. The Set Timings feature, or Auto Sync
feature, is what makes YouTube such a good free captioning option. Even though
the process of transcribing your video can take five times as long as the video
itself, the syncing process saves you time. While we wait for YouTube to set
those timings, I'll also mention that if you plan to load videos publicly in
YouTube, your transcriptions are indexed in the YouTube search, so they become
more findable. Just one more reason why captioning your videos is beneficial.
Okay, let's go in and see if our captions are ready. And they are. As I play the
video, you'll notice that the audio and the video sync up nearly perfectly.
"Welcome everyone and thank you for joining me today. My name is Sarah Kurpiel
"and I'm the Emerging Technologies Librarian here at BenU. Today I'm
going to demonstrate a few easy." It's another best practice to have no
more than three lines of captions on the screen. YouTube does this automatically.
So just a few minor tweaks and I'm ready to go. Click Save Changes to publish your
captions. Now that they're published, I'm ready to go back in and now I have all
the pieces prepared I'm going to start downloading some files. The first file
I'm going to download by clicking Actions is the Original Format. The
Original Format is just a simple transcript. The Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines recommend providing a downloadable transcript with the video so
that viewers have an alternate format.
The next file I'm going to download is the SRT file. I recommend using SRT, also
called SubRip. The SubRip format is supported by most video players and
subtitle caption programs. So let's go ahead and choose that option. I have it
set to open automatically in Notepad. So you can see the captioning text as well
as the start time and end time of each set of captions. I'm going to save this on my
computer. In this case I'm going to save it in my Documents folder and Save. I'll go
ahead and close. Alright, we're ready to return to Capture Central. So I'm going
to go back to some of my browsers. I'm going to close a few of those. Okay, so I'm
back at my D2L home page. I'll go to Capture Central, Presentations, choose
the title of the video, and finally click Edit Presentation in
Post-Production Tool. Now when I go over to the Closed Captions tab, instead of
adding manually my captions, I'm going to click the Upload File option. I'll find
my file that I saved to my computer and right away I can see a list of all of my
captions and timing information listed here. Now as I play the video you'll see
that the captions appear very similar to the way they appeared in YouTube. "Welcome
"everyone and thank you for joining me today. My name is Sarah Kurpiel and I'm
"the Emerging Technologies Librarian here at BenU." Now when you share your video in
D2L it will be captioned. I mentioned I was going to walk through two workflows.
Actually the second one is just a slight modification of the first. Instead of
transcribing the video manually, we will use YouTube's automatic captions.
Automatic captions can be of poor quality.
But YouTube's speech recognition technology has improved. As of March,
YouTube can even detect a certain sound effects, including music, applause, and
laughter. If YouTube can interpret your voice, it can save you time, so I would
recommend checking it out and seeing if YouTube can read your voice okay. I've
already uploaded a second video to YouTube. I did this in advance and I'll
tell you why in a moment. Let's head over to YouTube. Okay so I'm
back at my account. I'm going to go to my Creator Studio. So this is the second
video I uploaded: "Embedding Films On Demand Videos." Go ahead and click this,
click Edit, go over to my Subtitles Closed Captions and you'll notice I have
here automatic captions. So the reason I uploaded my video in advance of this
presentation was to make sure that I gave YouTube enough time to generate the
automatic captions. If you're working with a very short video, it can create
those automatic captions fairly quickly. If you have a lengthier video it
can take a few hours. Okay, so let's go ahead and click English
(Automatic) to open those automatic captions. You can kind of see they're
grayed out because you can't edit the automatic captions right away. To do that,
you're going to go up here and click Edit. For me, YouTube's speech recognition
works fairly well, so I'm going to go ahead and play a little the video and show you
what mine looks like: "films on demand contains thousands of educational and
"archival videos to directly embed a film's on demand video." Okay, so as you
can see, my main problem with my video here is a lack of capitalization and
punctuation. It gets most of my words right. After I click to Edit, I can go in
and make changes to these captions. Before I get started, I recommend using
the keyboard shortcuts. There are quite a few here that you could use. I mostly use
the Shift and space bar to pause the video and the Shift and down key so that I can
move on to the next subtitle quickly. So I'm going to go ahead and edit those first
two to kind of show you how I would do that and you can watch on the video any
changes I make to the captions on the left automatically start appearing on
the right. So let's go ahead and do that.
[editing a few lines of captions]
Okay so say I had gone through this entire video and cleaned up all of the
captions, added some punctuation, I capitalized, fixed a few words that were
incorrect. Then I would go ahead and click Save Changes and as you'll see you
still have your automatic captions. You can't really change those. Those are
what they are, but we also have the ones that we just published. We're now ready
to start downloading our files once again. So let's go in here and take a
look at those captions. I'm going to download the caption file, again that
SubRip file or SRT.
Again, as you can see, we have this caption information as well as a start
time, end time. This is the file that you would then save on your computer and go
over to D2L Capture Central and load it into your video. You can also do the same
thing if you're working with a different video platform, like Kaltura or Vimeo.
Let's go ahead and close that. The only issue that you will have with this
option is that there isn't a transcript file. So last time I was able to click
Actions and go to Original Format, but if I do that this time, because I didn't
have a transcript to begin with, it's including timing information. Now maybe
if you have a short video it would be easy to just go in and cut out all of
this numeric information with the start times and end times, but if you have a
longer video this can be kind of a pain. So I'm going to show you how you can get
around this. It's a bit of a workaround. It's a little bit of a trick
actually, but I find it quite useful. Okay, so what we're going to do is download that
captions file. Let's go ahead and do that one more time. Okay so it's just like I
had before. I'm going to save this on my computer. I'm going to do it again in my
Documents folder, Save, go ahead and close this. Then I'm going to return to
Subtitles Closed Captions and pretend like I'm adding
brand new captions. Okay so I'm going to click English, discard the published
subtitles, and then I'm going to upload a file. I'll leave it on Transcript. I'll
choose the file, in this case it was "captions 6," go ahead and open
that and upload. Here's the trick: in the bottom left column, it recommends trying
to transcribe and set timings because it's a little bit faster. We're going to go
ahead and click that. It'll ask you if you wanted to discard all your timing
information and you do, so just go ahead and discard that. Alright so this
provides you with a text-only version of your video transcript. This can be really
helpful, save you a lot of time if you have a lengthy video as I said but
it can also be useful if you prefer using this method of doing your
transcripts. So if you just wanted to be able to play your video and as you add
corrections the video will automatically pause, it will do that, so this is sort of
the middle ground between the first workflow I showed you and the second
workflow. I personally like to use this myself. At least to be able to get your
transcript information, this is a little bit of a trick that you could use to get
that information without having to manually delete all that timing
information individually from your caption file. So these two DIY workflows,
transcribing manually and using automatic captions as the foundation, are
both good free options. It's all a matter of finding what's right for you: your
typing pace, your speaking style, your voice. As I said before, there's no real
free shortcut when it comes to captioning. Unless you have a paid
service, it does take a bit of work, but it's important to do. If you're here
today you probably already have a good idea of why captioning is important, but
I will conclude by briefly touching on a few reasons. First the US Department of
Education reports that 11 percent of undergraduates report having
a disability. As a result many post-secondary institutions are working
to offer equivalent access to information technology to their students.
Also, a mix of federal and state laws require captions. Some laws apply to
federal or state institutions, some apply to institutions that receive federal
funding, and some have been interpreted in the court system as applying to
private institutions as well. Despite some confusion and debate over
which laws apply to which types of institutions, the intention is clear:
make your technology accessible. In the process of captioning your videos for
people who are deaf or hard of hearing, you're also helping English language
learners, people with learning and cognitive disabilities, people in very
quiet or very noisy spaces and intersections of these conditions and
environments. By captioning, you're designing for all people instead of the
average user, which is the cornerstone of Universal Design. The goal of Universal
Design is to create environments and services that can be used to the
greatest extent possible, by the greatest number of people possible, regardless of
their ability or background. Here we have the seven principles of Universal Design:
equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive, perceptible
information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and size and space for
approach and use. Those who apply a Universal Design approach tend to exceed
legal requirements because Universal Design places high value on diversity,
equality and inclusiveness. I hope that you find this workflow useful. Thank you
for tuning in to today's Library webinar. If you have questions in the future,
please feel free to contact me.
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