Enjoy :))
-------------------------------------------
Democrats taking African-American supporters for granted? - Duration: 4:38.
For more infomation >> Democrats taking African-American supporters for granted? - Duration: 4:38. -------------------------------------------
Question 12 - Priyanca Radhakrishnan to the Minister for Social Development - Duration: 2:19.
For more infomation >> Question 12 - Priyanca Radhakrishnan to the Minister for Social Development - Duration: 2:19. -------------------------------------------
Accessibility for Digital Security Tools - Duration: 31:40.
Good morning everyone and welcome to the USABLE webinar about Accessibility for
Digital Security Tools. My name is Deanna McCusker and I'll be your host today.
I am head of User Experience at Benetech and I am responsible not only for the
user experience but also accessibility for our tools. We got involved with
the USABLE project because of our focus on security tools with Martus as well as
our expertise in accessibility through our flagship project Bookshare, which is
an electronic library for people with what are called "print disabilities",
blindness, low vision, learning disabilities, or motor impairments.
Through this I've become very proficient in accessible and inclusive design.
Prior to Benetech I spent nine years at VMware working on cloud computing where
accessibility was something we were required to do for Section 508 compliance
for government contracts. And as a designer I felt like this
requirement hindered my ability to create good user experiences.
But in my years at Benetech I've learned that designing for accessibility can, in fact,
improve usability for everyone. Through this webinar I hope to convince
you to embrace this philosophy as well.
I was also introduced to the nonprofit world through a three month sabbatical
working on user experience for microfinance software.
So accessibility can be a win-win. Designing for accessibility often
makes your designs more usable by everyone. I wanted to give you
some examples that you're probably familiar with, like curb cutouts,
which are those slight ramps that enable wheelchairs to get from the sidewalk
down to the street level. And of course initially these were designed for people
in wheelchairs but they also benefit people pushing strollers, or people on
bicycles. And likewise with closed captioning and subtitles, that were
initially designed for the hearing impaired, they also benefit people who
are watching television in public places where the sound might be turned off or
people who speak different languages they can use the subtitles in their own language.
And the last example is website design for font size, color contrast, and
zoom and stuff like this that enable people who have less than perfect vision
to be able to adjust for their own needs. And as people in the security field you
care a lot about human rights so I just want to point out that more and more
governments are recognizing that disability rights ARE human rights.
Last year at the USABLE Forum, the question was asked: Are there any people with
disabilities who work in human rights? The answer is: there may not be many today,
but if our digital tools were more accessible (and not just security tools, but ALL tools),
there will likely be MORE people with disabilities working in ALL fields.
And as our world becomes more and more digital it's imperative that we do
not unintentionally exclude anyone from participating in productive work,
in social media, or even in increasingly digital daily activities such as banking.
Oh, and one more thing: I wanted to mention that the acronym for
accessibility - A 1 1 y - is because there are 11 letters between the A and the Y
for anybody who's familiar with internationalization which is I18n.
And it also creates the word "Ally " which is a fun double entendre.
So let's all be allies and not enemies of those living with disabilities.
So, just quickly, the agenda I want to talk about - What is a disability? This may sound like a
stupid question but I think you'd be surprised by the answer. And then we'll
talk about general accessibility guidelines, as well as how accessibility
works with security, and lastly resources and questions.
So when you think of disability you probably think of the traditional disabilities like blindness,
deafness, people who are wheelchair-bound, or cognitive impairments, and that's
because these people often are more dependent, they're either unemployed or
underemployed, and they often have very limited educational opportunities,
which lends itself to being underemployed as well.
But there's also things you should consider... like aging. We're all getting older.
Aging related disabilities are: vision loss, hearing loss, things like Alzheimer's, hand tremors, and often
multiple disabilities. I had someone articulate this very well to me once,
who is suffering from both vision loss and hearing loss. And what she said was that
the combination of those things impact her ability to comprehend things quickly
and so, just something to keep in mind, that with older adults they may seem
like they're slow or not as smart as they used to be, but it could be that
they're just having trouble digesting all the information that's coming at
them because they can't do it as well as they used to be able to.
And then there are situational disabilities. We all experience these at one time
or another: breaking an arm or a leg, loud or dim environments, for example a
loud or very dark restaurant. I don't know how many people have had to pull
out their their phone flashlights in order to read tiny print on the very dim
menus in restaurants. I've had that happen numerous times.
And then, of course, there's always multitasking. The big example is driving and texting.
We all know that that means when you're driving AND texting you can't do either one perfectly well.
And lastly, Invisible Disabilities. These are things that you
aren't even where someone has unless they tell you.
Things like color blindness, learning issues, anxiety, PTSD, and I want to call out eye glasses
because people who have less than 20/20 eyesight - we don't even consider that a disability anymore
because we've been able to overcome it with technology.
So when you put this all together there actually are very few people who suffer from severe
disabilities, but more than half of us live with conditions that can affect our
use of technology on a daily basis. And this is why we should be
paying attention to this. Not so much for the severe disabilities but because many
of us are dealing with this on a regular basis.
So let's get into the general guidelines. We will talk about a little bit of each one of these.
So General Guidelines for the Blind. The blind tend to rely on screen readers and
audio because they can't see at all. Which is where it becomes imperative
that we have alt-descriptions for all of our images. We use hierarchy (the HTML heirarchy) well.
Pages should be ordered logically and not visually, because blind people often use
the header information and the hierarchy in order to be able to understand,
to sort of get what the page layout is likely to be.
They'll often go through it once, and then go back to the top and look at the information so,
the more logical you can do this in your HTML, the easier it's gonna be
for these people to understand the page. Label all fields. The general label for
most fields is just the generic label like "button" or "text input" and if you
have three buttons at the bottom of the screen that are all labeled
"button button button", it's gonna be very difficult for the blind person to
understand which one is the "OK" button, and which one is the "Cancel" button.
Mobile interfaces - you want to be careful of people that do not have good motor control.
You want to make sure that things are read out... Sorry...
For mobile devices for the BLIND: you want to read out items under the touch points,
so that when people are moving their finger over the screen, they will hear what the
objects are under their finger. You can try this out on your mobile device.
Screen readers are called: "Talkback" on Android and "Voiceover" on iOS. It's much easier to try these out on
a mobile device then they are on computers. They're harder to use on computers.
And lastly: video description. It's not enough just to have
dialogue on a movie. You also want there to be scene descriptions for people
who are blind so they understand what's going on ON the screen.
General Guidelines for Low Vision and Dyslexia. Now, I lumped these together because
poor eyesight and unreliable eyesight are more similar than either one is to
blindness. People tend to lump blindness and low vision together as visual
impairments but they're really pretty different. People who have any eyesight
tend to RELY on their eyesight even if it's unreliable.
So the first thing we can do here is to reduce the amount of text. And as it happens, this is better
for EVERYONE. If we, as designers and developers, take it upon ourselves to
make sure our text is clear and concise, and short, then everyone will be able to
understand it better. Of course, large, bold text. Good contrast - there are
guidelines on how much contrast is necessary, which are outlined in the WCAG -
the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines - and I'll have a link to that at the end.
Bold, simple iconography is very important, and we'll get to that in the next slide.
You also want to pay attention to color, because you want to
make sure that you don't use color ALONE to indicate differences, because people
who are kind of color blind may not be able to see those differences.
And lastly: customizable. The more customizable things are,
the more people can adjust them to meet their own needs.
So let's take a look at what people see who have low vision.
They might see holes in the middle of their vision. They might have
blurry peripheral vision. There might be different kinds of blank spots that they
see on their screen. And on the lower left, with the four panels of mobile devices,
the one on the right you can see is very blurry. And this is where the
large, bold iconography becomes really important because someone might be able
to look at this and say, "Oh it's the green icon with the white dot in the middle"
or "it's the red icon", but some of the more complex icons won't be as easy to distinguish.
And the gentleman on the right is using a magnifier to see his own handwriting.
So just to give you some idea of the technology that people use.
At the bottom of the screen is a website that you can go to to see some more visual simulations.
Dyslexia. So what people think of with dyslexia is usually
the mirroring or moving, flipping of letters like Ds, Bs, Qs and Ps, and
that kind of dyslexia is trying to be addressed by the Open Dyslexic Typeface
which makes it easier (it's weighted on the bottom and lighter on the top) so it
makes it easier for people to distinguish between things like Bs and Ps, for example.
But that's not the only kind of dyslexia. There are people who
may not be able to see ALL of the lines in characters and so, as in the
top right corner they may see slightly differently than the letters
that are there, which makes it harder and more time-consuming to decipher what they are.
Another example, this is just one example of how people with
dyslexia might see things, but I wanted to show you this because it's really
kind of eye-opening. So here's a webpage with a bunch of characters moving around,
and you can tell that you could probably make this out - eventually -
if you spend enough time on it. You can see the words eventually, but you might
also miss some words or misread some words. So you can see how this can
be very difficult for with people with dyslexia. Therefore the FEWER words
that we have, the less likely they are to make mistakes in interpretation.
So let's get back to our page here. I also wanted to give you a visual
example of how this matters. It's become very popular lately with website design
to use very large - but narrow - fonts for headers. And then to use very small text
for the rest of the paragraphs. Then when you add this on top of using
images in backgrounds, this can be very difficult for people to distinguish.
So I would encourage you to use much bigger fonts, wider fonts, for your headers
and then reduce (of course make sure it's very high contrast as well)
and reduce the amount of words on the screen.
Okay, so a couple of Guidelines on Hearing Loss and Motor Impairment.
For hearing loss - usually computer screens are less problematic for them.
But videos should have subtitles and closed-captioning. And any audio-only should
also have text transcripts. And then, lastly for motor impairments,
remember that people may not be able to do a lot of fine motor actions,
and so we want to have large touch areas on the screen. And you can imagine when you're
trying to look at a website that isn't on a mobile device, for example,
that does not have a mobile interface, you've got to zoom way in in order to be
able to click on certain things. Then people with severe motor impairment may
use a switch device on computers, which has very limited options. They can only
go forward, backward, or select. And you can imagine how difficult this can be to
deal with long passwords for example. Imagine trying to type in a long password using
Netflix search, where you've got to move back and forth across the keyboard.
So just keep that in mind when you're thinking about
how difficult this can be for certain kinds of disabilities.
And lastly, I just want to mention that you should do user testing on your products.
It's possible to do simulations. There are simulation software out there that will help you to
catch some issues. But I really highly recommend actually testing with disabled users.
Particularly with screen readers. Screen readers are a skill like Braille
or Sign Language where it can be very difficult to learn, and your motivation
for learning if you don't need them is very low. So just taking advantage of
people who already have those skills is a good idea. The screen readers that are
currently most used - JAWS runs on most PCs. Talkback runs on Android.
Voiceover runs on OSX and iOS. And just an example of why this is important -
We recently were listening to a screen reader read the sentence: "Pay attention
to grammar - their versus they're." Now those two words are indistinguishable to a
screen reader, and so we were trying to figure out a better way to
display this so that people would hear it correctly on the screen reader. And we thought if
we put it in parenthesis that would help but actually what it does is
read: "their paren T - H - E - I - R paren vus"... In fact it doesn't read "verses", it reads "vus",
so it's important to spell that word out. And so the second example
shows that if you just separate the letters, most screen readers
will read that as separate letters, "T H E I R versus..." So this is why it's important to
have someone who understands how screen readers work in order to make sure that
you use the best wording.
So let's get into Accessibility and Security in paticular.
As security specialists we often want to make our products as
secure as possible, but I will argue that we want to provide only as much security
as is necessary. Introducing unnecessary barriers can be as bad as insufficient security.
For example: two-factor authentication can be good
for sensitive data like financial or medical, but probably it's overkill for
things like my social media site or my book club account. And likewise,
long, complex passwords and fingerprints can cause people to try to attempt to
bypass them because they're so long they don't want to have to deal with it, and
that can compromise security as well.
So let me give you an example.
I think CAPTCHA is a really good example of a security component.
What it's trying to do is prove that a user is human and not a bot - that's the goal
of the security. These are usually on forms. And the idea with making the text
kind of difficult to read, is to thwart the automated scripts so "noise" is added
to text, or the images, or any kind of audio. But the accessibility criteria is
for it to be easy to read or hear or understand or enter. And trying to meet
both of these criteria at the same time can be challenging and it's probably
gonna get worse as these automated scripts get more sophisticated.
So let's take a look at what they are and what we can do.
The traditional CAPTCHA looks like this. They have, the characters are distorted.
There's lines introduced to try to make it harder for these
machine scripts to recognize. But you want to be careful because it can make
it very difficult for people with low-vision and dyslexia to recognize as well.
You want to be careful with low-contrast background and foreground colors,
and also of colors that vibrate because this can be difficult for people with seizures.
And so people have tried to make these even harder for machines to understand,
and they've distorted the text even further.
I'm sure everyone here has had the experience where you've run into one of these
CAPTCHAs and you can't read the first one. And you have to go through several
before you actually get one that works. So this stuff is difficult for EVERYONE.
And the question is: is it really necessary to be that difficult?
People have introduced audio CAPTCHA as an alternative to video visual CAPTCHA
because they recognize that there are people that can't necessarily see them.
But also "noise" is added to these audio CAPTCHAs for the same reason.
So I just wanted to play a couple here for you to give you an idea how this can work.
So, this is Random Interference. (audio playing: characters read over background noise)
So you may have noticed that there were noises in there that you weren't sure whether it was actually a
character you're supposed to recognize, or whether that was part of the background noise.
So people have tried to improve that to make more distinct what the background noise is from the letters.
This is another example. (audio playing: characters read over rapid-fire gunshots)
But that one, in particular, might be a little disturbing to people so maybe gun shot
isn't exactly a good background noise.
And this one's very similar but using a bell. (audio playing: characters read over the sound of bells.)
So those are some examples of audio CAPTCHA.
And people have tried to make CAPTCHAs easier for people to understand by using pictures, for example.
You just have to pick out which one is the picture of the flower in this case.
But this doesn't lend itself very well to description. But what if you were to use
audio sounds: like a car engine, or water pouring, or a clock ticking?
And you can see here that this one actually does have an audio CAPTCHA as well.
But the question is: can we do something even simpler than that?
Is it sufficient to just have a simple checkbox on an image?
Now this has text on it, but the text is part of the image
and so it makes it harder to be machine readable.
But in order to be accessible to the blind it has to either have an alt-text or
there has to be an audio CAPTCHA to go with it as well.
So anyway those are some examples of different types of CAPTCHAs
and I would argue that the simpler you can make them
and still be not readable by the automated scripts, the better.
So some more accessibility tips.
It's always a good idea to have multiple modalities as I mentioned before.
Both video AND audio CAPTCHAs. Multiple cues - don't rely solely on color, for example.
Particularly for people that are color-blind you want to make sure there are multiple -
you know, adding an icon to this can make it a lot more distinguishable.
And then, again, any options and alternatives that you can provide that help people
to customize the experience for themselves to make it better meet their needs, the better.
And as far as security goes: we want to try to make
sure we don't make security more complex than it needs to be as I mentioned before.
Another thing I wanted to mention about passwords is that if someone is
blind and is listening to a screen reader on a mobile device, for example,
and they are trying to enter password with a keypad, and they're moving their
finger over the keyboard - it's going to read out all of the characters until
they get to the one they want. Then they click it and that gets added as the password.
So if somebody was listening to a blind person enter their password that way,
they might be able to decipher what the password is. So just something else to keep in mind.
And when we did the introduction to the USABLE project
a couple of years ago, we were told that WORDS are actually easier to
remember and to type than random character combinations, so
trying to come up with, you know, just putting four random words together can often be as
difficult to crack as random characters but it's a lot easier to remember and type.
The last thing I want to mention here is a project that Benetech worked on
in trying to make long fingerprints easier to communicate to other people
and we developed a product called Authenticon, which is currently
just a prototype and isn't actually available to play around with. But the idea here was that
you could enter your fingerprint, and it would give you a set of icons
that would be fewer than the number of characters. Well a lot of times what
people would do here is: they would read out the first four characters and the
last four characters and then just say, "Okay I think you are who I
expected, so I'm not gonna do the rest of it. It's too time-consuming."
But if they were able to just look at a set of icons to say, "I'm seeing a screw, a Viking,
a deer, a tape, a chevron..." They could read through it a lot more quickly and
the other person can verify that that's who they were.
So this is the idea of trying to simplify these things.
And just to leave you with the idea that if you can think about how to simplify
your security without compromising security, we can make it easier for people.
So lastly I wanted to give you some resources that you can look at to learn more about accessibility.
There is a website at the University of Washington called "Accessible University" and that's at:
www.washington.edu/accesscomputing/AU
You can go to their website. You'll see these examples. There's an inaccessible website,
and an accessible one, and then there's a list of issues that
you can read through and figure out how you might want to improve your own websites
or your own products. So in this particular website you can see
the one on the left looks nearly identical to the one on the right.
So you don't actually have to compromise your visual design in order to make things accesssible.
So this website has some menus across the top, it has a carousel
on the main portion, it's got some text below that, and then it's got a form on the right-hand side.
So I just want to go over a couple of the visual components here
that you might want to pay attention to.
First is the links. So in the inaccessible version the links are not underlined
and the color doesn't change until the cursor moves over it so it's
very difficult for anybody, ANYBODY really, to notice that there is a link there.
Whereas on the right-hand side, the link is not only underlined, so it's visual,
but the screen reader is going to read: "Read more about the students
engineering award", which is a cue that there's a link there.
And the second thing is the carousel itself. So on the left, we've got a yellow dot versus white dots,
which are very difficult to distinguish. On the right, we not only have
colors that are very distinct but also
numbers to show you how many items there are in the carousel.
Now let's take a look at the form. So on the left-hand side, we've got
a comment at the top that says: "Apply Now: (required fields are in blue)"
Now if you're listening to that on a screenreader, you're not gonna know
which fields are in blue. And even if you CAN see it, the difference between the
blue and the black, in this case, is very, very subtle, so it's gonna be hard to distinguish.
On the right, it says, "Name : (required)" and so it
tells you the required fields right in the name of the field. And in addition we
have bold text, which is easier to distinguish visually.
And the second one here that I wanted to point out was another CAPTCHA
and I thought this one was very interesting because on the left we have: the security test says,
"Please enter the two words you see below separated by a space." Now on the right we
have a typical CAPTCHA with the distorted characters with some noise,
but on the left ,we have a phrase which is "-72.9 degrees". And as far as I can tell,
that's more than two words by itself. So which two words exactly are they looking for?
So not only is that visually difficult,
comprehension isn't good either. It's not clear what exactly they're looking for.
So on the right they have a much better security question which I this is a good
replacement for CAPTCHA, for example, which is:
Security Question: "Sunday, bird, Friday. Which of these is not a day?" So it's a very simple question,
it does not require a lot of cognitive ability to answer the question.
But it would be difficult for an automated script to figure that out.
So just something to keep in mind.
And one last thing I would mention on the visual portion of this is:
if you have portion of your website that is in a different language
or if you allow people to switch to a different language,
be sure that the HTML in your code specifies the voice that should be used for the language.
So if you switch to Spanish you want to switch your voice to a Spanish
voice, so it uses the proper accent in reading that. You don't want to have
Spanish being read by an English or American accent,
because it will be pretty indistinct. It would be difficult for somebody just listening that to be
able to understand what they're saying. So just another thing to keep in mind.
Some other resources: there is the Web Accessibility Initiative, which is
sort of generally about web accessibility and you can read through that.
But the more important one is going to be the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
And I've got here a link to the summary which is a good
at-a-glance reference card ,that you can use to remind yourself of things that you
should be considering. But then there's also the entire document which goes into
a lot of detail about what's acceptable and what's not acceptable and where
there are places for exceptions.
And lastly here is ARIA: the Accessible Rich Internet Applications. ARIA is a set of components for HTML
that you can add to your code, that will address specific accessibility needs.
This is generally not... your visual users won't notice these things but,
for example, if you have a notification that appears on the screen.
For somebody who's using a screen reader and they're listening to the screen,
do you want that notification to interrupt the text that's being read
currently, or should it wait until it finishes and then read the text?
So you can set those kinds of parameters with ARIA. So those are some resources.
And lastly are there any questions?
You can also email any questions to me at: deannam@benetech.org.
I will just say thank you very much for attending this
webinar on accessibility and security and I hope it's been helpful.
Good luck in implementing this stuff in your products. Thank you very much.
-------------------------------------------
How Taxpayers Can Prepare For The New GOP Tax Plan | NBC Nightly News - Duration: 1:52.
For more infomation >> How Taxpayers Can Prepare For The New GOP Tax Plan | NBC Nightly News - Duration: 1:52. -------------------------------------------
Question 6 - Jan Logie to the Minister for Climate Change - Duration: 4:25.
For more infomation >> Question 6 - Jan Logie to the Minister for Climate Change - Duration: 4:25. -------------------------------------------
Alison Wonderland Music || Top 10 EDM Music Tracks For Gamers - Best EDM Songs 2017 (P2) - Duration: 31:18.
Subcribe Now
-------------------------------------------
Spokane Democrats say Alabama special election gives hope for 2018 - Duration: 2:25.
For more infomation >> Spokane Democrats say Alabama special election gives hope for 2018 - Duration: 2:25. -------------------------------------------
Missoula Hellgate boys loaded for another great season - Duration: 1:00.
For more infomation >> Missoula Hellgate boys loaded for another great season - Duration: 1:00. -------------------------------------------
#supportthereport: Public Funding for the Future - Duration: 2:31.
We all understand that science has led to major changes in the way we live day to day,
and in the general well-being of society. But it's almost never done so with that
aim originally in mind. Science can be turned into practical applications, but only by valuing
the science itself at the same time, by thinking of it as a creative endeavour which will lead
to unanticipatable discoveries that may then turn into the next computers, or the next
spaceships, or the next Tang, or whatever the benefits of the space race have actually been.
There's a great system in Canada today, where when we partner with companies, when
we go after goals that can have industrial impact, that can lead to products, that can
lead to new services, the federal government provides very strong support of this applied
research. And so it should – it's very powerful. But we also have to always keep
in mind that the opportunities for revolutionary, disruptive, applied research come from basic
research. And the government does invest in basic research and it's really important
to sustain and even grow the investment in basic research, because the transformative
potential of applied research on society and industry is only enabled by feeding the pipeline
through the basic work.
We are using technologies and science and chemistry that was developed in the 1940's
and '50s right now to be able to manufacture molecular imaging probes in ways that were
never possible. So this is fundamental science that had no immediate application 30, 40,
50 years ago, but is now having impact. To develop new technologies that don't have
an immediate application, creates a continuum of time so that people have a toolbox to solve problems.
So what you don't want to do is empty that toolbox and not have anything available to
solve the problems of the future. So having that balance of applications from today from
the knowledge you know, and creation of an armament of new ideas that can solve new problems
I think is cool.
-------------------------------------------
MR.TIME Connection Guide for Android Wear (KOR/ENG) - Duration: 2:25.
First, install the MR.TIME mobile app from Google Playstore and launch the app.
Please check the "Permission Warning" for using the watch face. Please press "NEXT" and "ALLOW" in the permission request to access the app.
Update the resources to apply the new features. We recommend that rapid advances in Wi-Fi or network.
x2
Select "Android Wear."
* Please check the Bluetooth connection of mobile phone and Android Wear first.
In Android Wear (2.0 version or later), press the button below or search MR.TIME to download the app.
x2
When the installation is complete, please apply MR.TIME app on watch face.
Apply MR.TIME watch face on Android Wear was simply "Find my watch" and select it.
(Click the watch icon you can choose if the version of the watch.)
Complete the Connection
Find the Daily Watch Face to apply to my watch.
In order to apply the watch faces, You must be signed.
Looks back.
Apply
#Finish #Succesful
With MR.TIME
-------------------------------------------
Milton Public Library offers 'food for fines' - Duration: 1:56.
For more infomation >> Milton Public Library offers 'food for fines' - Duration: 1:56. -------------------------------------------
Former governor says Humphreys' apology is enough for controversial comments - Duration: 0:59.
For more infomation >> Former governor says Humphreys' apology is enough for controversial comments - Duration: 0:59. -------------------------------------------
Teacher's aide will serve two years in prison for sex assaults - Duration: 1:22.
For more infomation >> Teacher's aide will serve two years in prison for sex assaults - Duration: 1:22. -------------------------------------------
Question 7 - David Seymour to the Minister for the Environment - Duration: 3:10.
For more infomation >> Question 7 - David Seymour to the Minister for the Environment - Duration: 3:10. -------------------------------------------
Folk remedies for improve your life and weight loss using only healthy banana pancake recipes. - Duration: 1:15.
HEALTHY FOOD COOKING RECIPES
Folk remedies for improve your life and weight loss using only healthy banana pancake recipes.
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét