Cleaning Capacity of Soap We require beakers, soap pieces, cloth pieces,
distilled water, well water, 50 ml measuring cylinders, 10 ml measuring cylinders, measuring
scale, test tubes, ink, glass rods, calcium chloride, and a Bunsen burner.
Take the beaker containing distilled water.
Measure 20 ml of distilled water in a measuring cylinder.
Pour it into beaker A. Take the beaker containing well water.
Measure 20 ml of well water in another measuring cylinder.
Pour it into beaker B. Again, take 20 ml of distilled water in the
measuring cylinder.
Pour it into beaker C. Take 2 g calcium chloride.
Transfer it into beaker C containing distilled water.
Stir the contents with a glass rod till calcium chloride dissolves.
Take three soap pieces each weighing 1 g and add one soap piece each into the beakers A,
B and C. Take three glass rods and place one in each
beaker.
Stir the contents with the glass rods to ensure that soap has dissolved.
In case the soap does not dissolve completely, take the beaker and place it on a Bunsen burner.
Heat the beaker gently while stirring using a glass rod.
Repeat the same steps for the other two beakers.
Take three test tubes labeled as A, B and C.
Take beaker A containing soap solution and pour 10 ml soap solution in a measuring jar.
Transfer it into test tube A. Similarly, pour 10 ml of soap solution from
beaker B into test tube B, and from beaker C into test tube C using different measuring
cylinders.
Measure the initial length of soap solution in each test tube with a measuring scale.
Note the readings.
Take test tube A. Hold the test tube by hand and close its mouth
with the thumb.
Shake it up and down thoroughly 10 times.
You will notice that lather has formed in the test tube.
Repeat the same steps for the other two test tubes.
Measure the length of the lather and the final length of the soap solution in each test tube.
Soap solution in test tube A produces the maximum length of lather, the solution in
test tube B produces a smaller length of lather and the solution in test tube C produces the
minimum length of lather.
Take a tile and place three white cloth pieces on it.
Put a drop of ink in the centre of each cloth and allow it to dry.
Take the cloth pieces from the tile.
Place one piece of cloth with ink spot in the remaining soap solution in beaker A, another
piece of cloth in beaker B and the third piece of cloth in beaker C.
Leave the three beakers undisturbed for about 10 min.
Remove the pieces of cloth from the beakers and rub each piece.
The ink spot on the cloth in soap solution A has almost disappeared.
The ink spot on the cloth in soap solution B has partially disappeared.
There is no change in the colour of the ink spot on the piece of cloth dipped in soap
solution C, and some scum has been deposited on the surface of the cloth piece.
It is observed that soap solution with distilled water (soft water) has the most cleansing
capability.
Soap solution with well water (hard water) has less cleansing capability than soft water.
Soap solution with distilled water with calcium chloride dissolved in it (very hard water)
has the least cleansing capability.
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