Waching daily Feb 15 2017

Spain is a country that functions a lot

like Federation, without actually being a

federation. When the country is a

federation, what that means is that it is

a union of partially self-governing

states under central government.

This sounds like Spain, which along the

countrywide government, has many

autonomous communities that are

self-governing. These include not only

the communities in the iberian peninsula

but also the insular territories such as

one community for the Balearic Islands

in the Mediterranean, and another for the

Canary Islands off the coast of Africa.

The cities of Ceuta and Melilla on Morocco's

side of the straight in north africa have

special status as autonomous cities.

While gibraltar on Spain side is not a

part of Spain and instead and overseas

territory of the UK. The autonomous

communities were established during

Spain's transition to democracy

following the death of dictator

Francisco Franco. The framers of the new

spanish constitution in 1978 wanted to

maintain a unified, indivisible, Spanish state.

So they were careful to deliberately not

make Spain a federation, but at the same

time needed to keep the Galicians, Catalans,

and Basques happy, who wanted more

autonomy after being suppressed by

highly centralized Franco Regime. Those

communities can sometimes have powers

that you even exceed those of states in

Federation's. Some have recognized

distinct nationalities, have their own

official languages, and some even collect

taxes independent of the spanish

government. So in practice Spain behaves

like a federation, but in theory the

Constitution only guaranteed a process

through which regions could become

self-governing, but did not itself

established or list the powers of these

entities. Instead the regions would

later gain their rights through a statute of

autonomy, which is similar to the process

of awarding devolved powers in

non-federations called unitary states. This

is an important distinction because in

general the Constitutions of Federations

clearly outline the division of powers

between the federal government and the

members. In unitary states the central

government can change the powers of its

sub-national divisions, while in

Federation the federal government must

respect the members rights and often

constitutional reforms require consent

from the members. But at the same time

the members must respect the powers of

the federal state and cannot

unilaterally secede. This distinguishes

Federation's from Confederations

which are union of sovereign states

which retain the right to secede at any

time. For example, Spain is a member of

the European Union with is like

a confederation, since member states can

leave by invoking article 50 of the

Treaty of Lisbon which established the

EU. Spain's complicated internal structure is

the result of its history. After the fall

of the Roman Empire the local varieties

of Latin used by the common people known

as vulgar latin slowly diverged into the

various Romance languages. For centuries

the north of Iberia was split between

many Christian kingdoms while the south was

under Muslim rule. In each of the

Christian kingdoms, vulgar latin diverged

into different languages, such as

Galician which is related to portuguese,

Leonese, Aragonese, and Castilian, which

are related to each other, and Catalan

which is distantly related to French, but

is more closely related to the Occitan

language that exists in southern France

before being mostly replaced by french.

The basque language in the Pyrenees Mountains,

is not a Romance language. It's not even

in the indo-european language family of

most modern European languages, and so

it's likely descended from a language

that existed in those mountains from before

indo-european languages spread into

Europe. The castilian language became

dominant following its spread during the

Reconquista, and became language of a

unified Spanish kingdom and is commonly

known as Spanish in other languages as

well as among some Spanish speakers.

However, Galician, Basque and Catalan

identities remain strong so they were

allowed to quickly established

autonomous communities by the method

outlined in the Constitution when Spain

became a democracy. The rest of Spain

gradually created their own autonomous

communities and now the cover all of

Spain's territory. The autonomous

communities are composed of one or more

provinces of spain, which are themselves

composed of municipalities. This means

most of Spain has four levels of

government: municipal, provincial, the

regional governments of the communities,

and the national government. The

autonomous cities in North Africa take

on the powers of a municipality, province

and a community. Some communities are

large and cover many provinces, but some

like Madrid, established specifically to

make administering the capital easier,

contain just one. In general all the

communities have control over their

finances and are in charge of education,

health, and social services.

But other powers are unequally

distributed among the communities. Some

communities have their own Civil Code,

which means they have their own method

of dealing with non-criminal legal

decisions, and these communities have

co-official languages along with Spanish:

Galicia has Galician and basque is a

co-official language in the Basque Country

along with the Basque speaking areas of

neighboring Navarre. Valencia has a

variety of catalan called Valencian, and

Catalan itself is co-official in the

Balearic islands and Catalonia.

Additionally Catalonia recognizes

occitan as co-official as it is spoken by some

in border regions. As well, Aragonese and

Asturian are considered protected

languages in their namesake regions, and

both Asturian and Galician are protected

in Castile and Leon. Catalonia, Navarre, and the

Basque Country have their own police

forces, while Navarre and the Basque Country

are communities of chartered regime,

which means they collect the taxes

within their territory and then send a

portion to the national government to

cover its responsibilities. All the other

communities are part of the common

regime where the situation is reversed.

Some communities notably catalonia want

more powers devolved, and there are some

desire in Spain to become fully

federalized. But currently Spain is still

technically a unitary state.

If you enjoyed this video you might like this

one about Russia or this one about Spain's

tiny neighbor Andorra which speaks

Catalan and has two princes: one is a

bishop in Catalonia, and the other is the

President of France.

For more infomation >> Spain Is Not A Federation: Autonomous Communities of Spain Explained - Duration: 6:00.

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Dream 11 North Zone vs Central Zone - Duration: 3:02.

Safe 11 the team from which 90% players will play the match

Always check Guru before making team

Nehra not in this because he was rested for 1 match

Gambhir is an inform batsmen and about yuvraj you never know

Risky 11 the team from which if all the players will play the match the your winning chances increase to 90%

Nehra is selected in this team if he plays then it will be a jackpot

Thank you for watching hope so you will win in your league. Best of luck

For more infomation >> Dream 11 North Zone vs Central Zone - Duration: 3:02.

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This Is Us - Valentine's Day Fight (Episode Highlight) - Duration: 2:28.

(door closes)

Hey, you've said three whole words since we left the show.

Are you gonna tell me what the problem is?

I don't have a problem, Rebecca.

Yes, you do, Jack.

I don't know what you and Ben talked about,

but something happened while I was changing. Listen, I-I--

I'm telling-- I'm telling you, just leave it.

I'm not leaving it, Jack.

You're acting like a crazy person.

What's going on? Okay, I found out.

I found out that you were gonna go on tour

with your ex-boyfriend.

(scoffs)

My ex-boyfriend? I don't-- (groans)

I don't know what Ben told you, but he's not my ex-boyfriend.

We dated for two months-- two months

when I was 19 years old. You've been spending

three nights a week

at rehearsal till 11:00 at night with this guy, Shh.

and you think that I didn't deserve to know that

you had history with him?

That's exactly why I didn't tell you.

Because it was nothing

and I knew that you would get like this about it.

Like... how? Like this?

How-how do I get?

You get crazy and jealous.

(groans) And I didn't want you sitting at home,

spinning out about something that didn't even mean anything.

You know what? I don't want you going on tour.

What? No.

The kids, they need you right now.

You just told me this afternoon the kids didn't need me.

That you would have everything taken care of,

before you knew that I used to date Ben.

You know what? I didn't want you going on tour

then, either. But I...

I was trying to be supportive,

I was trying to be a good guy.

You were trying to be a good guy?

Yeah. Wow, I didn't know you had to try so hard

to be a good guy, Jack. That's news to me. You know what?

I thought-- I thought that you deserved

something for yourself.

And now I don't. No.

Now I don't deserve that? No, no, that's...

That's what you said. Don't confuse my words.

That's not what I meant!

It's what you just said, Jack.

You know what?

You shouldn't have lied to me.

I never lied to you.

No, you lied to me!

For the past 16 years,

I have put everything and everyone ahead of myself,

you and the kids!

And I just knew that if I were ever

to tell you about this whole Ben thing,

you would spin out about it

and I needed to have something for myself

without you getting in the way.

I never thought of myself as being in your way, Bec.

I need some air.